Map of Estonia
Estonia is a country in Europe with its capital at Tallinn, home to about 1.37 million people across 45,335 km². The interactive map below plots 7 cities and towns, 1 rivers, 3 lakes, 1 mountain summits and 6 ports recorded for Estonia in YearMaps.
- Population
- 1.37 million
- Area
- 45,335 km²
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Continent
- Europe
Interactive Map of Estonia
Centred on Tallinn at 59.4339° N, 24.7280° E. Use the layer panel to switch on rivers, dams, ports, peaks and historical borders.
About Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital city of Tallinn, along with the city of Tartu, are the country's two largest urban areas. The Estonian language, of the Finnic family, is the official language and the first language of the majority of nearly 1.4 million people. Estonia is one of the least populous member states of the European Union.
Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the 13th century. After centuries of foreign rule by the Teutonic Order, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and the Russian Empire, a distinct Estonian national identity gained new momentum with the Age of Awakening in the mid-19th century. This culminated in the 1918 Estonian Declaration of Independence. Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, but the country was repeatedly invaded and occupied, and ultimately annexed into the USSR. Throughout the de facto Soviet occupation, from World War II until 1991, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. Following the 1988–1990 "Singing Revolution" against Soviet rule, full independence was restored on 20 August 1991, and the country joined NATO and the European Union in 2004.
Estonia is a developed country with a high-income, advanced economy, and Eurozone membership. It is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, with a single-tier local government system consisting of 79 municipalities. Estonia is among the least corrupt countries in the world and ranks very high in international rankings for education, human development, press freedom, online public services, and the prevalence of technology companies.
Summary adapted from Wikipedia: Estonia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Geography and Climate of Estonia
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries -- it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.
- Location
- Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia.
- Climate
- Maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers.
- Terrain
- Marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south.
- Highest point
- Suur Munamagi 318 m.
- Lowest point
- Baltic Sea 0 m.
- Coastline
- 3,794 km.
- Land borders
- Total: 657 km; border countries: Latvia 333 km; Russia 324 km.
- Major lakes
- Fresh water lake(s): Lake Peipus - 4,300 sq km (shared with Russia); Lake Võrtsjärv - 270 sq km.
- Natural resources
- Oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud.
- Land use
- Agricultural land: 23.1% (2023 est.); arable land: 16.6% (2023 est.); permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.); permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.); forest: 57.2% (2023 est.); other: 19.6% (2023 est.)
- Natural hazards
- Sometimes flooding occurs in the spring.
- Geographic note
- The mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; over 1,500 islands lie offshore.
- Languages
- Estonian (official) 67.2%, Russian 28.5%, other 3.7%, unspecified 0.6% (2021est.)
- Religions
- Orthodox 16.5%, Protestant 9.2% (Lutheran 7.7%, other Protestant 1.5%), other 3% (includes Roman Catholic, Muslim, Jehovah's Witness, Pentecostal, Buddhist, and Taara Believer), none 58.4%, unspecified 12.9% (2021 est.)
- Ethnic groups
- Estonian 69.1%, Russian 23.7%, Ukrainian 2.1%, other 4.6%, unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.)
- Economy
- High-income, service-based EU and eurozone economy; rebound in exports playing a role in economic recovery; rising food prices contributing to inflation; decrease in labor force participation and rising unemployment rate; recovery depends on boosting private investment and productivity rates.
From the CIA World Factbook (public domain), archived edition of 2026-01-22. The Factbook is no longer updated, so figures reflect that edition.
Estonia in Numbers
- Population
- 1.37 million
- GDP
- US$47.0 billion
- GDP per person
- US$34,418
- Life expectancy
- 79.3 years
- Population growth
- -0.43% a year
- Population density
- 32 per km²
- Urban population
- 70.7%
- Surface area
- 45,340 km²
- Forest cover
- 57.3%
- Arable land
- 16.5%
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- Internet users
- 92.2%
Indicators from World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0). The year under each figure is its reference year.
Estonia in Depth
History
The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the Pulli settlement on the banks of Pärnu that dates to the early 9th millennium BC, making it at least 11,000 years old.
The earliest human habitation during the Mesolithic period is connected to the Kunda culture. Around 5300 BCE, ceramics appear of the neolithic period, known as Narva culture. The Comb Ceramic culture emerged around 3900 BC, bringing traces of early agriculture and sophisticated religious art. Starting from around 2800 BC the Corded Ware culture appeared; this included new activities like primitive farming and animal husbandry.
The Bronze Age started around 1800 BCE, and saw the establishment of the first hill fort settlements.
Geography
Estonia is situated in Europe, on the East European Plain Estonian territory covers 45,335 km2 (17,504 sq mi), of which internal waters comprise 4.6%. When including the territorial sea, the Estonian border encompasses 70,177 km2 (27,095 sq mi).
Estonia coastline is indented stretching for 3,794 kilometres (2,357 mi)including the islands, and is notable for its limestone cliffs at the northern coast and largest islands. The total number of Estonian islands, including those in internal waters, is 2,355, of which 2,222 are in the Baltic Sea. The largest islands are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. There are over 1560 natural lakes, the largest being Lake Peipus at the border of Russia, and Võrtsjärv in central Estonia. Additionally there are many artificial water reservoirs.
Economy
As a member of the European Union and OECD, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country was $46,385 in 2023 according to the International Monetary Fund, ranked 40th.
Estonia ranks highly in international rankings for quality of life, education, press freedom, digitalisation of public services and the prevalence of technology companies.
Beginning 1 January 2011, Estonia adopted the euro and became the 17th eurozone member state.
Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011, about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009.
Demographics
Before World War II, ethnic Estonians made up 88% of the population, with national minorities constituting the remaining 12%. The largest minority groups in 1934 were Russians, Germans, Swedes, Latvians, Jews, Poles, and Finns. Other smaller minorities in Estonia are Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Moldovans, Chuvash, Karelians and Romani people.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Estonia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Estonia: Key Facts
| Official language | Estonian |
|---|---|
| Head of state | Ülle Madise |
| Head of government | Kristen Michal |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic |
| Calling code | +372 |
| Internet domain | .ee |
| Highest point | Suur Munamägi |
| Lowest point | Baltic Sea |
| Established | 24 February 1918 |
Facts from Wikidata Q191 (CC0).
History of Estonia: Empires and States
The atlas records 16 polities whose mapped territory included part of Estonia, from Livonian Brothers of the Sword in 1220 CE to 2024 CE. They are listed in the order they first appear.
| Polity | Period here | Extent |
|---|---|---|
| Livonian Brothers of the Sword | 1220–1240 CE | A large part |
| Kingdom of Denmark | 1220–1351 CE | A large part |
| Teutonic Order | 1241–1421 CE | Most |
| Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire | 1241–1421 CE | Most |
| The Holy Roman Empire | 1241–1571 CE | Most |
| Danish Magnates | 1333–1343 CE | A large part |
| Livonian Conference | 1422–1563 CE | Most |
| Holy Roman Empire Minor States | 1564–1571 CE | A large part |
| Kingdom of Sweden | 1564–1611 CE | A large part |
| Tsardom of Russia | 1564–1720 CE | Nearly all |
| Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | 1588–1628 CE | A large part |
| Swedish Empire | 1612–1712 CE | Nearly all |
| The Russian Empire | 1721–1916 CE | Nearly all |
| Estonia | 1919–1939 CE | Most |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 1940–1991 CE | Nearly all |
| Republic of Estonia | 1992–2024 CE | Most |
Historical Maps of Estonia
Estonia on the world map in each year one of these states held it:
Derived by testing mapped cities against dated territorial polygons. Dates are when the polygons cover this place, not the polity's whole lifespan, and polities absent from the source dataset are not listed.
Visiting Estonia
Estonia (Estonian: Eesti) is a Baltic gem offering visitors the chance to see a tiny dynamic land on the shores of the sea. The northernmost and smallest of the Baltic states, Estonia has charming old towns and heritage back to the Hanseatic League. Tallinn's old town was built in the Middle Ages, but is in magnificent condition, with the city walls and towers almost completely intact, and it rates as one of Europe's best medieval old towns.
Visitors can also experience an ex-Soviet republic that is now part of the European Union. Traces of the Soviet era are still there to be seen, e.g. Paldiski, a deserted Soviet army base that was once off-limits to Estonians themselves, can easily be visited on a day trip from the capital, Tallinn. Estonia is renowned for its bucolic islands and extensive bogs that are now national parks with easy access for tourists. Glorious beaches pepper the extensive coastline, although the swimming season is short — after all, the Baltics are not renowned for warm weather.
Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Estonia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Largest Cities in Estonia
7 cities recorded. Ranked by metropolitan population. A port city's harbour is written up on the page of its sea.
| # | Name | Population | Region | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tallinn | 394,024 | Harju | National capital |
| 2 | Tartu | 101,092 | Tartu | Populated place |
| 3 | Narva | 66,980 | Ida-Viru | Populated place |
| 4 | Kohtla-Järve | 46,060 | Ida-Viru | Populated place |
| 5 | Pärnu | 44,192 | Pärnu | Populated place |
| 6 | Viljandi | 20,309 | Viljandi | Admin-1 capital |
| 7 | Haapsalu | 11,805 | Lääne | Admin-1 capital |
Highest Mountains in Estonia
1 mountain recorded. Ranked by summit elevation above sea level. A summit on a border is listed under both countries.
| # | Name | Elevation | Feet | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suur Munamagi | 318 m | 1,043 ft | Europe |
Suur Munamagi
Mountain · 318 m
Suur Munamagi is a mountain rising to 318 metres (1,043 ft) in Estonia, in the Europe region. From PeakBagger.com, with kind permission..
Suur Munamägi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈsuːr ˈmunɑ.mæɡi]; translation 'Big Egg Mountain') is the highest peak in Estonia (and the Baltic states), reaching 318 metres (1,043 ft) above sea level. It is located near the village of Haanja, in Võru County in the southeastern corner of Estonia, close to the borders of both Latvia and Russia. The landscape around the peak—the Haanja Upland—is gently hilly.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Suur Munamägi (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Elevation
- 318 m (1,043 ft)
- Global rank
- #625 of 641 indexed
- Region
- Europe (#78)
- Country
- Estonia
- Coordinates
- 57.7200°, 27.0499°
Of the 641 named summits indexed in YearMaps, Suur Munamagi ranks #625 by elevation, below Mount Bates (319 m) and above Morne du Vilet (281 m).
- Ranges:
- Tatra Mountains (Europe), Harz (Europe)
- Neighbouring summits:
- Dzyarzhynskaya (346 m), Sněžka (1,603 m), Oksskolten (1,916 m)
More about Suur Munamagi
Suur Munamagi: Key Facts
| Topographic prominence | 218 m |
|---|---|
| Mountain range | Haanja Upland |
Facts from Wikidata Q504991 (CC0).
Largest Lakes in Estonia
3 lakes recorded. Ranked by mapped surface area. A lake on a border is listed under each country it lies in, with the area of the whole lake.
| # | Name | Surface Area | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lake Peipus | 2,758 km² | Lake |
| 2 | Pskoyskoye Ozero | 825 km² | Lake |
| 3 | Võrtsjärv | 274 km² | Lake |
Lake Peipus
Lake · 2,758 km²
Lake Peipus is a lake in Estonia and Russia, with a mapped surface area of about 2,758 km². About 58% of its surface lies in Estonia, and the rest in Russia.
Lake Peipus (; Estonian: Peipsi-Pihkva järv, IPA: [ˈpei̯psʲi ˈpihkʋɑ ˈjærʋ]; Russian: Чудско-Псковское озеро or Псковско-Чудское озеро) is the largest trans-boundary lake in Europe, lying on the international border between Estonia and Russia.
The lake is the fifth-largest in Europe after Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega (in Russia), Lake Vänern (in Sweden), and Lake Saimaa (in Finland).
It covers 3,555 km2 (1,373 sq mi), and it has an average depth of 7.1 m (23 ft), the deepest point being 15 m (49 ft). The lake has several islands and consists of three parts:
Lake Peipus (Estonian: Peipsi järv, Russian: Чудское озеро), the northern part of the lake, with an area of 2,611 km2 (1,008 sq mi) (73%)
Lake Pskov (Estonian: Pihkva järv, Russian: Псковское озеро), the southern part of the lake (area 708 km2 (273 sq mi) or 20%)
Warm Lake (Estonian: Lämmijärv, Russian: Тёплое озеро), the sound connecting the other two parts of the lake (area 236 km2 (91 sq mi) or 7%).
The lake is used for fishing and recreation, but suffered from environmental degradation from Soviet-era agriculture. Some 30 rivers and streams discharge into Lake Peipus, the two largest of which are the Velikaya and Emajõgi.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Lake Peipus (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Surface area
- 2,758 km²
- Area rank
- #74 of 756 indexed
- Type
- Lake
- Countries
- Estonia, Russia
- Coordinates
- 58.8132°, 27.4214°
Among the 756 water bodies with a mapped extent in YearMaps, Lake Peipus ranks #74 by surface area, after Khövsgöl Nuur (2,764 km²) and ahead of Lake Kivu (2,693 km²). Areas are computed from the mapped outline and are approximate.
- Settlements on the shore:
- Tartu (52 km), Kohtla-Järve (75 km), Narva (87 km)
- Other water nearby:
- Võrtsjärv (274 km²)
More about Lake Peipus
History
In 1242, the southern part of Lake Peipus was the site of a major historical battle in which the Teutonic Knights were defeated by Novgorod troops led by Alexander Nevsky. The battle is remarkable in that it was mostly fought on the frozen surface of the lake, and it is therefore called the Battle on the Ice.
The largest city on the lake, Pskov, is also one of the oldest cities in Russia, known since at least AD 903 from a record in the Primary Chronicle of the Laurentian Codex. The city had a certain measure of independence even though it was dominated by its neighbours – Novgorod, Lithuania and Muscovy – and eventually incorporated in the Russian state.
Ecology
The ecological condition of the lake basin is, in general, satisfactory: the water is mostly grades I and II (clean), and is grade III in some rivers due to the high content of phosphorus. The water condition of the rivers has improved since 2001–2007, but there has been an increase in the population of blue-green algae. The main problem of Lake Peipus is its eutrophication.
Economy
The towns standing on the banks are relatively small and include Mustvee (population 1610), Kallaste (population 1260) and Gdov (population 4400). The largest city, Pskov (population 202 000) stands on the Velikaya River, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the lake. Ship navigation is well developed and serves the fishery, transport of goods and passengers and tourist tours. The picturesque shores of the lake are a popular destination for tourism and recreation at several tourist camps and sanatoriums.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Lake Peipus (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Lake Peipus: Key Facts
| Surface area | 3,543 km² |
|---|---|
| Maximum depth | 8 m |
| Surface elevation | 30 m |
| Inflows | Emajõgi, Velikaya, Võhandu River, Zhelcha, Piusa River, Kullavere River |
| Outflows | Narva |
Facts from Wikidata Q19253 (CC0).
Võrtsjärv
Lake · 274 km²
Võrtsjärv is a lake in Estonia, with a mapped surface area of about 274 km².
Võrtsjärv (Estonian: Võrtsjärv [ˈʋɤrts.jærʋ]; English: Lake Võrts) is a lake in southern Estonia with an area of 270 km2 (100 sq mi).
It is the second-largest lake in Estonia (after Lake Peipus), and it is the largest lake entirely within Estonia. The shallow lake is 33.7 m (111 ft) above sea level. The Emajõgi River flows from Võrtsjärv to Lake Peipus.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Võrtsjärv (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Surface area
- 274 km²
- Area rank
- #430 of 756 indexed
- Type
- Lake
- Country
- Estonia
- Coordinates
- 58.3229°, 26.0356°
Among the 756 water bodies with a mapped extent in YearMaps, Võrtsjärv ranks #430 by surface area, after Dozois Reservoir (278 km²) and ahead of Hoh Sai Hu (274 km²). Areas are computed from the mapped outline and are approximate.
- Other water nearby:
- Lake Peipus (2,758 km²), Lake Saimaa (11,134 km²)
More about Võrtsjärv
Geography
The relatively low shores of the lake are swampy in the south and sandy in the north. On the eastern shore, there is a coastal abrasion near the village of Tamme; these cliffs have yielded a number of fossils of Devonian fish, which have been compared to similar fossils found in Scotland.
There are a few small islands in the southern part of the lake. Of these only Tondisaar and Pähksaar are permanent islands, while Ainsaar becomes a peninsula during low water and Heinassaar is submerged at high water. This is because of the lake's fluctuating water level, which changes with a mean annual amplitude of 1.4 m; this is about half of its 2.8 m average depth. From around November to April, the lake is covered with ice.
History
The lake basin existed before the last Ice Age, but it was then transformed by moving ice sheets that partly eroded the lake wall and partly filled the depression with deposits. In its present form, the lake has existed since the Middle Holocene.
It was first mentioned c. 1229 in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, where it is called Worcegerwe.
Ecology
Around 35 species of fish are found in the lake, a few of which are commercially important. After a decline of valuable species during the 1950s and 1960s, some conservation measures were enforced, which led to an improvement in the situation. Today, around 400 tons of fish are caught annually.
Võrtsjärv is the main catchment area for eel in Estonia. However, fishing is entirely dependent on restocking with farmed glass eels because eels are migratory and do no longer return in sufficient quantities to Europe. Due to declining numbers of natural eel, in 2017 the European Union's Agriculture and Fisheries Council decided on a three-month ban on eel fishing in the Baltic Sea during eel migratory season.
Tourism
The region is little known as a tourist destination internationally and, especially in the second half of the 20th century, the deteriorating water quality posed a continuous problem for both fishing and tourism development. However, more recently, in 2010, Võrtsjärv was voted a European Destination of Excellence.
In 2016, the lake was the site of the WISSA World Championships in iceboating on the frozen lake.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Võrtsjärv (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Võrtsjärv: Key Facts
| Surface area | 269 km² |
|---|---|
| Maximum depth | 2.8 m |
| Volume | 0.75 km³ |
| Surface elevation | 33 m |
| Inflows | Väike Emajõgi, Õhne River, Tänassilma River, Rõngu River, Tarvastu River |
| Outflows | Emajõgi |
Facts from Wikidata Q211516 (CC0).
Rivers in Estonia
1 river recorded. Listed alphabetically. A river is listed where its mapped reach lies, so long rivers appear under more than one country.
| Name | Type | Also Flows Through |
|---|---|---|
| Narva | River | Russia |
Ports in Estonia
6 ports recorded. Ranked by approach channel depth, the figure that limits which ships can call. Harbours link to their write-up on the page of the sea or coast they lie on.
| # | Name | Channel Depth | Class | Sea | Max Vessel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Osmussaar | 53 m | Very Small | Baltic Sea | medium vessels |
| 2 | Parnu | 49.4 m | Small | Baltic Sea | medium vessels |
| 3 | Kunda | 42.1 m | Very Small | Baltic Sea | medium vessels |
| 4 | Paldiski | 38.4 m | Very Small | Baltic Sea | medium vessels |
| 5 | Muuga-Port of Tallin | 23.8 m | Small | Baltic Sea | medium vessels |
| 6 | Sillamae | — | Minor | Baltic Sea | large vessels |
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Estonia
1 World Heritage Site recorded. Listed by year of inscription, earliest first. Sites shared with another country appear under each.
| # | Name | Inscribed | Type | Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tallinn Old Town | 1997 | Cultural | (ii) (iv) |
Largest Islands of Estonia
1 island recorded. Ranked by mapped area. An island divided between countries is listed under each, with the area of the whole island.
| # | Name | Area | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saaremaa | 2,755 km² | Island |
Saaremaa
Island · 2,755 km²
Saaremaa is an island in Europe, covering an estimated 2,755 km².
Saaremaa (; Estonian: [ˈsɑˑreˌmɑː]) is the largest and most populous island in Estonia. Measuring 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi), its population is 31,435 (as of January 2020). The main island of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago), it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and northwest of the Gulf of Riga. The administrative centre of the island, and of the Saare maakond (county), is the town of Kuressaare.
From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, the island of Saaremaa was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Ösel.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Saaremaa (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Feature class
- Island
- Mapped extent
- 2,755 km²
- Size rank
- #230 of 445 islands
- Region
- Europe
- Coordinates
- 58.4237°, 22.5670°
- Summits:
- Suur Munamagi (318 m), Dzyarzhynskaya (346 m), Oksskolten (1,916 m)
- Ranges:
- Tatra Mountains (Europe), Harz (Europe)
More about Saaremaa
Geography
The island forms the main barrier between the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea. To the south of it is the main passage out of the gulf, the Irbe Strait, next to Sõrve Peninsula, the southernmost portion of the island. In medieval times islanders crossed the strait to form fishing villages on the Livonian coast, notably Pitrags. In those days it was easier and quicker to cross the strait towards nearby Kolka, Saunags or Mazirbe, than travel by horse large distances inland. The highest point on the island is 54 m above sea level. The Kaali crater is on the island. The island has much forested terrain. One of the symbols of the island is the juniper.
More than 10,000 years ago, the first parts of Saaremaa emerged from the Baltic Ice Lake.
History
According to archaeological finds, the territory of Saaremaa has been inhabited from at least 5000 BCE. Nordic Iron Age ship burials, dated to 700–750 CE, have been found in Sõrve Peninsula. Sagas talk about numerous skirmishes between the islanders and Vikings. Saaremaa was the wealthiest county of ancient Estonia and the home of notorious pirates, sometimes called the Eastern Vikings. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia describes a fleet of sixteen ships and 500 Osilians ravaging the area that is now southern Sweden, then belonging to Denmark.
Thence they held on south to Denmark and thence east to Smálönd and had victory wherever they went. They did not come back in autumn.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Saaremaa (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Saaremaa: Key Facts
| Area | 2,672 km² |
|---|---|
| Population | 29,753 (2011) |
| Surrounded by | Baltic Sea |
Facts from Wikidata Q951302 (CC0).
Visiting Saaremaa
Saaremaa is the largest Estonian island. It is on the west coast of Estonia. The capital (and only city) in Saaremaa is Kuressaare, which is covered in a separate article.
Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Saaremaa (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of Estonia
1 landform recorded. Ranked by mapped area. Covers mountain ranges, deserts, plateaus, named glaciers, plains, basins, peninsulas and capes. One that crosses a border is listed under every country it lies in, with the area of the whole feature.
| # | Name | Area | Type | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Northern European Plain | 774,604 km² | Plain | Europe |
Countries Bordering Estonia
Land and maritime neighbours.
More Maps in Europe
Estonia: Quick Answers
- What is the capital of Estonia?
- The capital of Estonia is Tallinn.
- What is the population of Estonia?
- Estonia has a population of about 1.37 million, the #157 largest of 225 countries in YearMaps. Source: World Bank, 2025.
- How big is Estonia?
- Estonia covers 45,335 km², ranking #134 by area, with about 30 people per square kilometre.
- Which continent is Estonia in?
- Estonia is in Europe.
- Which countries border Estonia?
- Estonia shares a land or maritime border with Russia, Latvia.
- What is the largest city in Estonia?
- Tallinn is the largest city in Estonia, with a metropolitan population of about 394,024.
- What is the highest mountain in Estonia?
- The highest summit recorded for Estonia in YearMaps is Suur Munamagi at 318 m (1,043 ft). Summits on a border are counted for both countries.
- What is the largest lake in Estonia?
- The largest lake recorded in or bordering Estonia is Lake Peipus, at roughly 2,758 km².