Ancient World Map: Classical Antiquity (500 BC–500 AD)

The dominant Mediterranean superpower of antiquity, encompassing over 5 million square kilometers across Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Levant.

The golden age of classical Chinese civilization, founding the imperial civil service, inventing paper, and establishing the trans-Eurasian Silk Road.

The first global superpower, governing over 40% of the planetary human population from the Indus Valley to the Aegean Sea via satraps and the Royal Road.

The first pan-Indian empire, uniting nearly the entire subcontinent from modern Afghanistan to southern Karnataka under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great.

The Golden Age of Indian classical civilization, celebrated for breakthroughs in zero, decimal mathematics, astronomy, Sanskrit drama, and stone temple architecture.

Alexander the Great’s lightning twelve-year conquest from the Balkans to the Indus River, inaugurating the Hellenistic world across three continents.

The Neo-Persian superpower and great rival of Rome and Byzantium, elevating Persian art, cataphract heavy cavalry, and Zoroastrian statecraft.

The major Red Sea maritime trading empire described by Mani as one of the four great powers of the world alongside Rome, Persia, and China.

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and the interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC).

The first global superpower, governing over 40% of the planetary human population from the Indus Valley to the Aegean Sea via satraps and the Royal Road.

The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD.

The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic people who inhabited parts of present-day northeastern China, Inner Mongolia, and the eastern Eurasian steppe.

Wei, known in historiography as the Northern Wei, Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei and Later Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei.

The Ptolemaic Kingdom or Ptolemaic Empire was an ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

Xin Dynasty is mapped in the atlas for 6 CE – 29 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 4,465,527 km².

The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire, officially Jin, sometimes distinguished as the Sima Jin or the Two Jins, was an imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420 CE.

The Hephthalites or Ephthalites, sometimes called the White Huns, were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE, and were a part of what numismatist Robert Göbl calls Iranian Huns.

The Kidarites, or Kidara Huns, were a dynasty that ruled Bactria and adjoining parts of Central Asia and India in the 4th and 5th centuries.

The Rouran Khaganate, also known as Ruanruan or Juan-juan, was a tribal confederation and later state.

The Hephthalites or Ephthalites, sometimes called the White Huns, were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE, and were a part of what numismatist Robert Göbl calls Iranian Huns.

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Seleucid Empire based in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.

Wei, also known as Cao Wei (曹魏) or Former Wei, was one of the major dynastic states in China during the Three Kingdoms period.

The Gupta Empire was an Indian empire during the classical period of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century to mid 6th century CE.

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Seleucid Empire based in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.

Song, known as Liu Song, Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern dynasties (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.

Qi, known in historiography as the Southern Qi or Xiao Qi, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the second of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era.

The dominant Mediterranean superpower of antiquity, encompassing over 5 million square kilometers across Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Levant.

The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the early 1st century CE.

The dominant Mediterranean superpower of antiquity, encompassing over 5 million square kilometers across Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Levant.

The Qin dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries CE.

Qin, known as the Former Qin and Fu Qin (苻秦) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Fu (Pu) clan of the Di peoples during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

The Mahameghavahana dynasty 2nd or 1st century BCE to early 4th century CE) was an ancient ruling dynasty of Kalinga after the decline of the Maurya Empire.

The Warring States period in Chinese history comprises the final centuries of the Zhou dynasty, which were characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation.

The Qin dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China.

In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the Roman Empire's western provinces collectively during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.

The Nanda Empire was a vast empire that governed in Magadha and Gangetic plains with an enormous geographical reach in 4th-century BCE northeastern India, with some accounts suggesting existence as far back as the 5th century BCE.

The Indo-Scythians, also known as Indo-Sakas, were a group of nomadic people of Iranic Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the present-day regions of Afghanistan, eastern Iran and the northwestern Indian subcontinent.

The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries CE.

Wu, known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China during the Three Kingdoms period.

Cao Cao, courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty, ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government.

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Bactria was a Greek kingdom during the Hellenistic period located in Central Asia and Afghanistan.

The Kingdom of the Franks, also known as the Frankish Kingdom or Francia, was the largest post-Roman kingdom in Western Europe.

The golden age of classical Chinese civilization, founding the imperial civil service, inventing paper, and establishing the trans-Eurasian Silk Road.

The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the early 1st century CE.

Wei, known in historiography as the Northern Wei, Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei and Later Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei.

The Shunga Empire was a ruling entity centred around Magadha and controlled most of the northern Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 75 BCE.

The Kanva dynasty or Kanvavamsha was a ruling dynasty of Magadha, established after Vasudeva Kanva overthrew the preceding Shunga dynasty and ruled from 73 BCE to 28 BCE.

The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century.

The Kidarites, or Kidara Huns, were a dynasty that ruled Bactria and adjoining parts of Central Asia and India in the 4th and 5th centuries.

The Yuezhi were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC.

The Satavahanas, also referred to as the Andhras in the Puranas, were an ancient Indian dynasty.

Shu Han is mapped in the atlas for 224 CE – 262 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 880,369 km².

The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas were Indo-Scythian (Saka) rulers of the western and central parts of India, between 35 and 415 CE.

The Shaishunaga dynasty was possibly the second ruling dynasty of Magadha.

The Indo-Greek Kingdom, also known as the Yavana Kingdom, were Hellenistic-era Greek kingdoms in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent covering most of modern-day Pakistan, parts of northwestern India and some eastern parts of Afghanistan.

Yan, known in historiography as the Former Yan, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Murong clan of the Xianbei during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

The Neo-Persian superpower and great rival of Rome and Byzantium, elevating Persian art, cataphract heavy cavalry, and Zoroastrian statecraft.

The Kingdom of the Franks, also known as the Frankish Kingdom or Francia, was the largest post-Roman kingdom in Western Europe.

Gallic Empire or Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway Western European part of the Roman Empire that functioned de facto as a separate state from 260 to 274.

Protectorate of the Western Regions is mapped in the atlas for 117 CE – 601 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 695,193 km².

The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths was a barbarian kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th century.

The Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt is usually classified as the fifth Dynasty of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.

The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the early 1st century CE.

The Vakataka dynasty was an ancient Indian dynasty that originated from the Deccan in the mid-3rd century CE.

Zhao, briefly known officially as Wei (衛) in 350 AD, known in historiography as the Later Zhao or Shi Zhao (石趙), was a dynasty of China ruled by the Shi family of Jie ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

The Han-Zhao, or Former Zhao, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Liu (Luandi) clan of Chuge-Xiongnu ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history.

Gothia is mapped in the atlas for 207 CE – 382 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 634,926 km².

Nanyue was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general Zhao Tuo, whose family continued to rule until 111 BC.

Pontus was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus, in northern Anatolia, on the southern coast of the Black Sea .

The Kingdom of the Burgundians, or First Kingdom of Burgundy, was one of the so called "barbarian kingdoms" of the late Western Roman Empire in the fifth and sixth centuries.

Qin, known in historiography as the Later Qin or Yao Qin (姚秦), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Yao clan of Qiang ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in northern China.

Tuyuhun, also known as Henan and Azha, was a dynastic monarchy established by the nomadic peoples related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.

The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major, sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes II, was an Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.

Yan, known in historiography as the Later Yan, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei people during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.

Lysimachus was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great who became king of Thrace in 306 BC, western Asia Minor in 301 BC and Macedon in 288 BC.

Xionites, Khionites, Chionites, or Chionitae were a nomadic people in the Central Asian regions of Transoxiana and Bactria.

The Indo-Parthian kingdom, also known as Pahlavas in the ancient Sanskrit texts, was a syncretic state founded by Gondophares I in the first century CE.

Minyue was an ancient kingdom in what is now the Fujian province in southern China.

Cheng-Han was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography.

Vandals is mapped in the atlas for 337 CE – 438 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 420,482 km².

The Ostrogoths were a Roman-era Germanic people who, in the 5th and 6th centuries, established one of the two major Gothic kingdoms within the Western Roman Empire.

Goguryeo also later known as Goryeo, was a Korean kingdom which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern-day Northeast China (Manchuria).

The major Red Sea maritime trading empire described by Mani as one of the four great powers of the world alongside Rome, Persia, and China.

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period.

The Chu–Han Contention (楚漢相爭), also known as the Chu–Han War (楚漢戰爭), was an interregnum of civil wars in Imperial China between the fall of the Qin dynasty in 206 BCE and the establishment of the Han dynasty in 202 BCE.

The Haryanka dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Magadha, according to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa between 544 BC and 413 BC though some scholars favour a later chronology.

Himyar was a South Arabian kingdom whose original heartland lay in the southern highlands of present-day Yemen.

Jugurtha or Jugurthen was a king of Numidia, the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa.

The Former Liang was a dynastic state, and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, in Chinese history.

The Pallava dynasty ruled from 275 to 897 in southern India, including a significant portion of the Deccan and Tondaimandalam.

The Maitraka dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Valabhi in western India from approximately 475 to 776 from their capital at Vallabhi.

The Salian Franks, or Salians, sometimes referred to by the Latin word Salii or Sali, were a Frankish people who lived in what is now the Netherlands in the 4th century.

The Vandal Kingdom or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans was a confederation of Vandals and Alans, and a barbarian kingdom established under Gaiseric, a Vandalic warlord.

The Lakhmid kingdom, also known as al-Manādhirah (المناذرة), was an Arab kingdom that ruled parts of Southern Mesopotamia and northeastern Arabia from the late 3rd century until 602 CE.

The Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Galicia or Suebi Kingdom of Galicia, was a Germanic post-Roman kingdom that was one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire.

Funan was a loose network of ancient Indianized states (mandalas) located in Mainland Southeast Asia, covering parts of present-day Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, that existed from the 1st to the 7th century CE.

The Later Liang was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history.

Kamarupa, an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was the first historical kingdom of Assam.

Xia is mapped in the atlas for 410 CE – 438 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 229,894 km².

The Western Qin was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Qifu clan of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.

The Alans were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today the North Caucasus; some continued on to Europe and later North Africa.

Yaudheya or Yaudheya Gaṇasaṅgha was an ancient Indian military ganasangha (republic) based in the Eastern region of the Sapta Sindhu, in modern day Haryana.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Mauretania is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Mediterranean Maghreb.

Ma'in was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen.

Makuria was a medieval Nubian kingdom in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or ancient Britons, were the Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or ancient Britons, were the Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.

The Wusun were an ancient semi-nomadic steppe people mentioned in Chinese records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD.

The Lombards, Longobards or Langobards were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774 AD.

The Kadamba dynasty were an ancient royal family from modern Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district in India.

Yue, also known as Yuyue, was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC – the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty – in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu.

The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD.

Ankhwennefer, also known as Ankhmakis/Ankhmakhis, Ankhonnophris, or Harmakhis, was the successor of Horwennefer, a rebel ruler who controlled much of Upper Egypt during the reigns of Ptolemies IV and V.

The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon.

The Kingdom of Soissons is the name given by modern scholars to the fifth-century "kingdom" of Romans ruled by Syagrius, which was based in Soissons in what is now northern France.

Yan, known in historiography as the Southern Yan, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Murong clan of the Xianbei during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.

Nobatia or Nobadia was a late antique kingdom in Lower Nubia, modern day southern Egypt.

Atropatene, also known as Atropatia or Atropatian Media, was an ancient Iranian kingdom established in c.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Anglo-Saxon England or early medieval England covers the period from the end of the Roman Empire's rule in Roman Britain in the 5th century until the Norman Conquest in 1066.

Âu Lạc (chữ Hán: 甌貉 or 甌駱; pinyin: Ōu Luò; Wade–Giles: Wu1-lo4 Middle Chinese (ZS): *ʔəu-*lɑk̚ < Old Chinese *ʔô-râk) was a supposed polity that covered parts of modern-day Guangxi and northern Vietnam.

The Kalabhra dynasty were rulers of all or parts of Tamil region sometime between the 3rd century and 6th century CE, after the ancient dynasties of the early Cholas, the early Pandyas and Chera.

Alexander the Great’s lightning twelve-year conquest from the Balkans to the Indus River, inaugurating the Hellenistic world across three continents.

Champa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from approximately 2nd century AD until 1832.

Kalinga is mapped in the atlas for 318 BCE – 171 BCE, with a peak mapped extent of about 129,276 km².

The Antigonid dynasty was a Macedonian Greek royal house which ruled the kingdom of Macedon during the Hellenistic period.

The Nabataeans, also spelled Nabateans, were an ancient Arab people who inhabited the southern Levant and northern Arabia.

Alodia, also known as Alwa, was a medieval kingdom in what is now central Sudan.

Laomedon was a Greek military commander, native of Mytilene and son of Larichus.

The Northern Liang was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history.

The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.

Perdiccas was a Macedonian general and bodyguard (somatophylax) of Alexander the Great, and the regent of Alexander's empire after his death.

Cyrenaica or Kyrenaika, is the eastern region of Libya.

The Pyu city-states were a group of city-states that existed from about the 2nd century BCE to the mid-11th century in present-day Upper Myanmar.

Yan, known in historiography as the Western Yan was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei ethnicity.

The state of Jin was a confederacy of statelets which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula from the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean Kingdom of Old Chosŏn (Gojoseon) to the north.

Alamannia, or Alemania, was the kingdom established and inhabited by the Alemanni, a Germanic tribal confederation that had broken through the Roman limes in 213.

The Odrysian kingdom was an ancient Thracian state that thrived between the early 5th century BC and the early 3rd / late 1st century BC.

The Burgundians were a Germanic people of the Roman imperial era, who established the powerful Kingdom of the Burgundians within the Roman empire in what is now western Switzerland and south-eastern France.

The Trưng sisters, Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị,, known in Vietnamese as Hai Bà Trưng or simply Hai Bà, c.

Wei was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China.

Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor.

Thracian Kingdom is mapped in the atlas for 87 BCE – 50 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 90,345 km².

Liang, known in historiography as the Western Liang, was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Silla was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE and 935 CE and was located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula.

Galatia, also called Gallograikia, was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey.

The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons or Continental Saxons, were a Germanic people of early medieval "Old" Saxony which became a Carolingian "stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany.

The Greek colonisation was the expansion of Archaic Greeks across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, particularly during the 8th–6th centuries BCE.

Old Chosŏn, also known as Gojoseon and its contemporary name Joseon, was the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula.

Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for a former state located in ancient times in the Caucasus, mostly overlapping the region of present-day Azerbaijan.

Anuradhapura is a major city located in the north central plain of Sri Lanka.

Norse is mapped in the atlas for 161 CE – 499 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 71,171 km².

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Polyperchon, was a Macedonian Greek general who served both Philip II and Alexander the Great and then played an active role in the ensuing battles for control between Alexander's generals.

The Zapotec civilization is an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica.

Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China.

Yan, known in historiography as the Northern Yan, Eastern Yan or Huanglong, was a dynastic state of China during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.

Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma was an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom, located in western Java, whose 5th-century ruler, Purnawarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions in Java, which are estimated to date from around 358 AD.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Osroene, also spelled Osrhoene, was an ancient kingdom and region in Upper Mesopotamia.

Mahan is mapped in the atlas for 91 BCE – 346 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 49,731 km².

Paekche or Baekje was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE.

The Illyrian kingdom was an Illyrian political entity that existed on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula in ancient times.

The Visigoths were a Gothic people who emerged in the Balkans during late antiquity.

Ripuarian Franks is mapped in the atlas for 238 CE – 509 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 44,276 km².

In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia also including the region of Abkhazia.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Thuringian states is mapped in the atlas for 469 CE – 475 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 40,557 km².

Basina or Basine was remembered as a queen of Thuringia in the middle of the fifth century, by much later authors such as especially Gregory of Tours.

The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus, was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day Strait of Kerch.

The Italian city-states were numerous political and independent territorial entities that existed in the Italian Peninsula from antiquity to the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in the late 19th century.

In Greco-Roman geography, Iberia was an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli, known after its core province.

The Second Athenian League was a maritime confederation of Greek city-states that existed from 378 to 355 BC under the hegemony of Athens.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Thebes is a city in Boeotia, Central Greece, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Judea or Judaea is a mountainous region of the Levant.

The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamils, the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty.

Okjeo was an ancient Korean tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE.

The Liang dynasty, alternatively known as the Southern Liang or Xiao Liang in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.

The Kingdom of Bithynia was a Hellenistic kingdom centred in the historical region of Bithynia, in northwest Anatolia, which seems to have been established in the 4th century BC.

Dongye is mapped in the atlas for 91 BCE – 391 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 29,068 km².

The Kingdom of Lazica, sometimes called Lazian Empire, was a state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman period, from about the 1st century BC.

Rhodes is the largest of Greece's Dodecanese islands and their historical capital, as well as the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Chera dynasty, also known as Keralaputra, Kedalaputho, from the early historic or the Sangam period in southern India, ruled over parts of present-day states Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The Kingdom of Sophene was a Hellenistic-era political entity situated between ancient Armenia and Syria.

Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BCE to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong River valley, Gyeongsang Province.

The Peloponnesian War was fought in the Eastern Mediterranean between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League from 431 to 404 BC for hegemony over Ancient Greece.

Paphlagonia was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus to the east, and separated from Phrygia by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

The Kingdom of the Rugii or Rugiland was established by the Germanic Rugii in present-day Austria in the 5th century.

Gordyene or Corduene was an ancient historical region, located on the upper course of the Tigris, south of Lake Van, in present-day southeastern Turkey.

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Adiabene was an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia, corresponding to the heartland of ancient Assyria.

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean Peninsula.

Qataban was an ancient Yemenite kingdom in South Arabia that existed from the early 1st millennium BCE to the late 1st or 2nd centuries CE.

The Achaean League was a Hellenistic-era confederation of Greek city-states on the northern and central Peloponnese.

The Aetolian League, also known as the League of the Aetolians, was an ancient Greek confederation of tribal communities and cities.

Zhongshan, alternately romanized via Cantonese as Chungshan or Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China.

Commagene was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Orontids, a dynasty of Iranian origin, that had ruled over the Satrapy of Armenia.

The Kingdom of the South Saxons, today referred to as the Kingdom of Sussex, was an early medieval English kingdom, constituting one of the seven traditional kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England.

Teotihuacan is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, 40 kilometers (25 mi) northeast of modern-day Mexico City.

Thebans is mapped in the atlas for 350 BCE – 338 BCE, with a peak mapped extent of about 5,165 km².

The Molossians were a group of ancient Greek tribes which inhabited the region of Epirus in classical antiquity.

The Kingdom of the Kentish, today referred to as the Kingdom of Kent, was an early medieval English kingdom in present-day South East England.

Tamna was a kingdom based on Jeju Island from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon dynasty in 1404, following a long period of being a tributary state or autonomous administrative region of various Korean kingdoms.

Angles is mapped in the atlas for 387 CE – 479 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,293 km².

The Mamertines were Greek mercenaries of Italic origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles, Tyrant of Syracuse and self-proclaimed King of Sicily.