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YearMaps
Planetary Historical Sovereign Registry

Empires & Sovereign States

From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.

Polities Indexed
1,612 Polities
Across 5 Continents
Largest Land Realm
24.0M km²
Mongol Empire
Largest Maritime Realm
35.5M km²
British Empire (1921)
Vector Attribution
Cliopatria
13,800+ dated border shapes · CC BY 4.0
Showing 60 of 60 superpowers
Epoch:
High & Late Middle Ages223,626 km²

Hashemite Arab Federation

Arab Iraq or Arabian Iraq was a historical geographical term used by medieval and early modern writers for the region of Iraq in Mesopotamia, often centered in Lower Mesopotamia.

Active Epoch:
1415 CE – 1439 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Industrial Era223,335 km²

Cundinamarca

Cundinamarca is mapped in the atlas for 1814 CE – 1814 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 223,335 km².

Active Epoch:
1814 CE – 1814 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery222,809 km²

Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state established by Hacı I Giray existing from 1441 to 1783.

Active Epoch:
1450 CE – 1782 CE
Imperial Capital:
Chufut-Kale
Government:
Classical Antiquity220,729 km²

Yaudheya Republic

Yaudheya or Yaudheya Gaṇasaṅgha was an ancient Indian military ganasangha (republic) based in the Eastern region of the Sapta Sindhu, in modern day Haryana.

Active Epoch:
306 CE – 377 CE
Imperial Capital:
Rohtak
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages220,110 km²

Pandya Empire

The Pandya dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India, and among the four great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other three being the Pallavas, the Cholas and the Cheras.

Active Epoch:
1216 CE – 1325 CE
Imperial Capital:
Korkai
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages218,078 km²

Germiyanids

Germiyan, or the Germiyanids, were a dynasty that controlled parts of western Anatolia from c.

Active Epoch:
1305 CE – 1439 CE
Imperial Capital:
Kütahya
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages217,539 km²

Gahadavala Dynasty

The Gahadavala dynasty, also known as Gahadavalas of Kannauj, was a Rajput dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, during 11th and 12th centuries.

Active Epoch:
1085 CE – 1201 CE
Imperial Capital:
Varanasi and Kannauj
Government:
Classical Antiquity216,393 km²

Linjiang

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.

Active Epoch:
206 BCE – 204 BCE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Early Middle Ages215,749 km²

Paramara Dynasty

The Paramara dynasty was an Indian dynasty that ruled Malwa and surrounding areas in west-central India between 948 and 1305.

Active Epoch:
980 CE – 1235 CE
Imperial Capital:
Dhar
Government:
Early Middle Ages215,447 km²

Ziyadid dynasty

The Ziyadid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled western Yemen from 819 until 1018 from the capital city of Zabid.

Active Epoch:
866 CE – 1138 CE
Imperial Capital:
Zabid
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages215,442 km²

Najahid Dynasty

The Najahid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Abyssinian Mamluks that ruled parts of Yemen from 1022-1158 from its capital at Zabīd.

Active Epoch:
1066 CE – 1168 CE
Imperial Capital:
Zabid
Government:
Classical Antiquity215,292 km²

Mauretania

Mauretania is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Mediterranean Maghreb.

Active Epoch:
212 BCE – 42 CE
Imperial Capital:
Volubilis, Iol / Caesarea
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages215,209 km²

Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal

The Grand Principality of Vladimir, before 1157 the Principality of Suzdal, commonly known as Vladimir-Suzdal, or simply Suzdalia, was a Russian principality.

Active Epoch:
1294 CE – 1486 CE
Imperial Capital:
Suzdal
Government:
Bronze Age Civilizations215,100 km²

Elam

Elam was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Ilam and Khuzestan as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq.

Active Epoch:
3200 BCE – 601 BCE
Imperial Capital:
Anshan Persia
Government:
Classical Antiquity214,510 km²

Minaeans

Ma'in was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen.

Active Epoch:
383 BCE – 26 BCE
Imperial Capital:
Qarnawu
Government:
Industrial Era213,887 km²

Tây Sơn dynasty

The Tây Sơn dynasty, officially Đại Việt (大越), was an imperial dynasty of Vietnam.

Active Epoch:
1775 CE – 1802 CE
Imperial Capital:
Đồ Bàn
Government:
Early Middle Ages213,604 km²

Upper Burgundy and Italy

Upper Burgundy was a historical region in the early medieval Burgundy, and a distinctive realm known as the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy, that existed from 888 to 933, when it was incorporated into the reunited Kingdom of Burgundy, that lasted until 1032.

Active Epoch:
922 CE – 925 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Classical Antiquity212,681 km²

Makuria

Makuria was a medieval Nubian kingdom in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

Active Epoch:
347 CE – 1414 CE
Imperial Capital:
Dongola
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages212,580 km²

Nabhani Dynasty

The House of Al-Nabhan, also known as the Nabhani dynasty or Nabhanids, is an Arab royal house that ruled Oman as hereditary kings (muluk) from 1154 until 1624, when the Yaruba dynasty took power.

Active Epoch:
1169 CE – 1176 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Industrial Era212,448 km²

Guyana

Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America.

Active Epoch:
1967 CE – 2024 CE
Imperial Capital:
Georgetown
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery211,975 km²

Regency of Algiers

The Regency of Algiers was an early modern semi-independent Ottoman frontier province and vassal state on the Barbary Coast of North Africa from 1516 to 1830.

Active Epoch:
1706 CE – 1845 CE
Imperial Capital:
Algiers
Government:
Industrial Era211,876 km²

French Algeria

French Algeria, also known as Colonial Algeria, was a colony and later an integral part of France.

Active Epoch:
1830 CE – 1847 CE
Imperial Capital:
Algiers
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages211,714 km²

Aztec Triple Alliance

Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān ("The Triple Alliance")

The dominant Mesoamerican superpower of central Mexico, celebrated for the island metropolis of Tenochtitlan, chinampa agriculture, and astronomical calendrics.

Active Epoch:
1428 CE – 1521 CE
Imperial Capital:
Tenochtitlan
Government:
Tributary Confederation of Three City-States
Early Middle Ages211,380 km²

Samo's Empire

Samo was the founder and sole ruler of the first recorded unified tribal polity of Slavs, later known as Samo's realm, ruling from 623 until his death in 658.

Active Epoch:
623 CE – 660 CE
Imperial Capital:
Devín
Government:
Industrial Era210,022 km²

French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon

The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire concerning the territories of Syria and Lebanon.

Active Epoch:
1920 CE – 1945 CE
Imperial Capital:
Beirut
Government:
Early Middle Ages209,032 km²

Lower Burgundy

Lower Burgundy was a historical region in the early medieval Burgundy, and a distinctive realm known as the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy, that existed from 879 to 933, when it was incorporated into the reunited Kingdom of Burgundy.

Active Epoch:
860 CE – 925 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Early Middle Ages208,995 km²

Karkota Dynasty

The Karkota dynasty ruled over the Kashmir valley and some northern parts of the Indian subcontinent during 7th and 8th centuries.

Active Epoch:
592 CE – 859 CE
Imperial Capital:
Parihaspur
Government:
Early Middle Ages208,184 km²

Goryeo

Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392.

Active Epoch:
922 CE – 1394 CE
Imperial Capital:
Main: Gaegyeong), Hwangdo, Junggyeong, Songak, Songdo, Songgyeong, Wanggyeong, Temporary: Cheorwon,
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery208,008 km²

Sultanate of Johor

The Johor Sultanate was founded by Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah's son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.

Active Epoch:
1529 CE – 1884 CE
Imperial Capital:
Sayong Pinang
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages207,604 km²

Chobanids

The Chobanids or the Chupanids were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia.

Active Epoch:
1344 CE – 1362 CE
Imperial Capital:
Tabriz
Government:
Classical Antiquity207,600 km²

Brythonic Kingdoms

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or ancient Britons, were the Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.

Active Epoch:
439 CE – 1284 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Classical Antiquity207,600 km²

Brythons

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or ancient Britons, were the Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.

Active Epoch:
439 CE – 1235 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Industrial Era206,605 km²

First Hellenic Republic

The First Hellenic Republic was the provisional Greek state during the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire.

Active Epoch:
1822 CE – 1940 CE
Imperial Capital:
Nafplio
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages205,867 km²

Eastern Ganga Kingdom

The Eastern Ganga dynasty were a large medieval era dynasty that reigned from Kalinga from as early as the 5th century to the mid 20th century.

Active Epoch:
1056 CE – 1351 CE
Imperial Capital:
Kalinganagara, Dantapura, Kataka, Paralakhemundi
Government:
Classical Antiquity205,697 km²

Wusun

The Wusun were an ancient semi-nomadic steppe people mentioned in Chinese records from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD.

Active Epoch:
170 BCE – 450 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Early Middle Ages204,203 km²

Ghana Empire

The Ghana Empire, also known as simply Ghana, Ghanata, or Wagadu, was an ancient western-Sahelian empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali.

Active Epoch:
793 CE – 1201 CE
Imperial Capital:
Koumbi Saleh
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages204,203 km²

Sosso Empire

The Sosso Empire, also written as Soso or Susu, or alternatively Kaniaga, was a kingdom of West Africa that originated as a vassal of the Ghana Empire before breaking away and conquering their former overlords.

Active Epoch:
1202 CE – 1235 CE
Imperial Capital:
Sosso
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery203,522 km²

Golconda Sultanate

The Golconda Sultanate was an early modern sultanate located in the southeastern Deccan, ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty.

Active Epoch:
1519 CE – 1686 CE
Imperial Capital:
Golconda
Government:
Classical Antiquity203,485 km²

Lombards

The Lombards, Longobards or Langobards were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774 AD.

Active Epoch:
480 CE – 586 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Classical Antiquity202,263 km²

Kadamba Empire

The Kadamba dynasty were an ancient royal family from modern Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district in India.

Active Epoch:
353 CE – 554 CE
Imperial Capital:
Banavasi
Government:
Early Middle Ages201,742 km²

Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

Active Epoch:
626 CE – 1343 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages201,742 km²

Kashmiri Sultanate

The Kashmir Sultanate, historically Latinised as the Sultanate of Cashmere, was a medieval kingdom primarily based in the Kashmir Valley, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between the early 14th and late 16th centuries.

Active Epoch:
1344 CE – 1587 CE
Imperial Capital:
Srinagar
Government:
Industrial Era200,761 km²

Republic of Senegal

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country of mainland West Africa, situated along the Atlantic Ocean coast.

Active Epoch:
1961 CE – 2024 CE
Imperial Capital:
Dakar
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages199,096 km²

Norman England

The Norman Conquest of England was an 11th-century invasion by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

Active Epoch:
1072 CE – 1168 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages197,402 km²

Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in c.

Active Epoch:
1010 CE – 1802 CE
Imperial Capital:
Tbilisi
Government:
Early Middle Ages194,486 km²

Idrisids

The Idrisid dynasty or Idrisids were an Arab Muslim dynasty from 788 to 974, ruling most of present-day Morocco and parts of present-day western Algeria.

Active Epoch:
793 CE – 979 CE
Imperial Capital:
Walilli
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery194,383 km²

Khanates of the Caucasus

The khanates of the Caucasus, or, more rarely, the Azerbaijani khanates, were various administrative units in the South Caucasus governed by a hereditary or appointed ruler under the official rule of Iran.

Active Epoch:
1748 CE – 1796 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages193,597 km²

Myinsaing Kingdom

The Myinsaing Kingdom also known as Myainsaing Regency was the regency that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313.

Active Epoch:
1294 CE – 1313 CE
Imperial Capital:
Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages193,597 km²

Kingdom of Pinya

The Pinya kingdom, also known as the Vijaia state (၀ိဇယတိုင်း) or Kingdom of Pinya, was the kingdom that ruled Central Myanmar (Burma) from 1313 to 1365.

Active Epoch:
1314 CE – 1374 CE
Imperial Capital:
Pinya
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages193,597 km²

Ava Kingdom

The Ava Kingdom also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555.

Active Epoch:
1375 CE – 1528 CE
Imperial Capital:
Sagaing, Pinya, Ava
Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations193,280 km²

Wu

Wu was a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period, outside the Zhou cultural sphere.

Active Epoch:
750 BCE – 451 BCE
Imperial Capital:
Wu
Government:
Industrial Era193,003 km²

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, formerly known as Kirghizia, is a landlocked country located in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

Active Epoch:
1992 CE – 2024 CE
Imperial Capital:
Bishkek
Government:
Early Middle Ages192,464 km²

Kingdom of León

The Kingdom of León was a medieval state situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.

Active Epoch:
911 CE – 1235 CE
Imperial Capital:
León
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages192,255 km²

Teutonic Order

The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c.

Active Epoch:
1236 CE – 1525 CE
Imperial Capital:
Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery190,572 km²

Đại Việt

The Mạc dynasty (1527–1677), officially Đại Việt, was a Vietnamese dynasty which ruled over a unified Vietnam between 1527 and 1540, and northern Vietnam from 1540 until 1593.

Active Epoch:
1529 CE – 1833 CE
Imperial Capital:
Đông Kinh
Government:
High & Late Middle Ages190,463 km²

Lê Dynasty

The Lê dynasty, also known in historiography as the Later Lê dynasty, was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, having ruled Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789 with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533.

Active Epoch:
1429 CE – 1571 CE
Imperial Capital:
Đông Kinh
Government: