From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
The Sengoku period was the period in Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Chu–Han Contention (楚漢相爭), also known as the Chu–Han War (楚漢戰爭), was an interregnum of civil wars in Imperial China between the fall of the Qin dynasty in 206 BCE and the establishment of the Han dynasty in 202 BCE.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, or the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1851–1864), was a theocratic monarchy that sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty.
Malaysia is mapped in the atlas for 1963 CE – 2024 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 347,799 km².
The Republic of the Congo, also known as the Congo Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, or simply the Congo, is a country located on the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo River.
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.
The Provisional Priamurye Government or Provisional Priamur Government existed in the region of Priamurye of the Russian Far East between May 27, 1921 and June 16, 1923.
New Netherland was a colony of the Dutch Republic located on the East Coast of what is now the United States.
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
Commonwealth of England is mapped in the atlas for 1645 CE – 1661 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 341,676 km².
Turk Shahis is mapped in the atlas for 561 CE – 874 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 339,517 km².
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad.
The Nationalist faction, also called the Rebel faction and Francoist faction, was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of Mainland Southeast Asia.
The Haryanka dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Magadha, according to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa between 544 BC and 413 BC though some scholars favour a later chronology.
Himyar was a South Arabian kingdom whose original heartland lay in the southern highlands of present-day Yemen.
The Batavian Republic was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman is mapped in the atlas for 1900 CE – 1946 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 323,401 km².
Southern Han is mapped in the atlas for 911 CE – 979 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 322,737 km².
The Ashikaga shogunate , also known as the Muromachi shogunate , was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.
Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia.
The Kamakura shogunate was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333.
The Kenmu Restoration was a three-year period of Imperial rule in Japanese history between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period from 1333 to 1336.
The South African Republic, also known as the Transvaal Republic, was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in the southeastern Arabian Peninsula in West Asia.
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305).
South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until its unification with the Yemen Arab Republic in 1990.
The Second Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.
Mexicans are the citizens and nationals of the United Mexican States.
The history of Qatar spans from its first duration of human occupation to its formation as a modern state.
Jugurtha or Jugurthen was a king of Numidia, the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa.
The Former Liang was a dynastic state, and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, in Chinese history.
The Pallava dynasty ruled from 275 to 897 in southern India, including a significant portion of the Deccan and Tondaimandalam.
The Maitraka dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Valabhi in western India from approximately 475 to 776 from their capital at Vallabhi.
Eastern Chagatai Khanate is mapped in the atlas for 1492 CE – 1511 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 302,997 km².
The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 25 March [O.S.
The Kingdom of Khotan, also called the Kingdom of Yutian, was an ancient Buddhist Saka kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin.
Old Great Bulgaria, also often known by the Latin names Magna Bulgaria and Patria Onoguria, was a 7th-century Turkic nomadic empire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe.
The Nguyễn dynasty was the last Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until the start of the French protectorate in 1883.
The Republic of the Rio Grande is the name given in Anglo‐American newspapers, and in later histories, to a federalist revolt on the lower Rio Grande in 1838–1840.
The Kakatiya dynasty was a Telugu dynasty that ruled most of eastern Deccan region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries.
The Sultanate of Darfur was a pre-colonial state in present-day Sudan.
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
The Khoshut Khanate was a Mongol Oirat khanate based in the Tibetan Plateau from 1642 to 1717.
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
The Riograndense Republic, often called the Piratini Republic, was a de facto state that seceded from the Empire of Brazil and roughly coincided with the present state of Rio Grande do Sul.
The Commonwealth of Nations, often referred to as the British Commonwealth or simply the Commonwealth, is an international association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of its predecessor, the British Empire.
Western Moghulistan is mapped in the atlas for 1519 CE – 1635 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 285,072 km².
The Nalyvaiko Uprising was a Cossack rebellion against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Great Moravia is mapped in the atlas for 814 CE – 910 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 282,459 km².
The Grand Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established around 895, following the 9th century Magyar invasion of the Carpathian Basin.
The Wadai Sultanate or Wadai Empire (1635–1912) was an African sultanate located to the east of Lake Chad in present-day Chad and the Central African Republic.
Dutch Cape Colony is mapped in the atlas for 1653 CE – 1795 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 278,665 km².
The Dutch Cape Colony, officially known as the Cape of Good Hope Waystation, was a colony of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Batavian Republic in Southern Africa.
The Salian Franks, or Salians, sometimes referred to by the Latin word Salii or Sali, were a Frankish people who lived in what is now the Netherlands in the 4th century.
Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.
East Turkestan or East Turkistan is a loosely defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China, on the cross roads of East and Central Asia.
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire and officially as the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, was a multi-national empire in Central Europe under a constitutional dual monarchy that existed between 1867 and 1918.
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