From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
The Danish Gold Coast comprised the colonies that Denmark–Norway controlled in Africa as a part of the Gold Coast, which is on the Gulf of Guinea.
The Principality of Theodoro, also known as Gothia (Γοτθία) or the Principality of Theodoro-Mangup, was a former Roman principality in the southern part of Crimea, specifically on the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was a principality in southwestern Germany.
Northern Powys or Powys Fadog, was the northern portion of the Kingdom of Powys following that kingdom's dissolution in 1160.
Angles is mapped in the atlas for 387 CE – 479 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,293 km².
The Taifa of Morón was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1010 to 1066.
Hokuzan , also known as Sanhoku before the 18th century, located in the north of Okinawa Island, was one of three independent political entities which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century during Sanzan period.
Dominica officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean.
Duchy of the Archipelago is mapped in the atlas for 1210 CE – 1313 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,233 km².
The House of Schwarzburg was one of the oldest noble families of Thuringia, which is located in modern-day Central Germany.
The Principality of Capua was a state centred on Capua in Southern Italy which lasted for about three centuries.
The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain.
Namayan, also called Sapa and sometimes Lamayan, was an independent polity on the banks of the Pasig River in the Philippines.
Duchy of Naples is mapped in the atlas for 763 CE – 1138 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,059 km².
The County of Waldeck was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and its successors from the late 12th century until 1929.
The Mamertines were Greek mercenaries of Italic origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles, Tyrant of Syracuse and self-proclaimed King of Sicily.
The County of Empúries, also known as the County of Ampurias, was a medieval county centred on the town of Empúries and enclosing the Catalan region of Peralada.
Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in the eastern part of Arabian Peninsula in West Asia.
The Roman Kingdom, also known as the Roman monarchy and the regal period of ancient Rome, was the earliest period of Roman history, when the city and its territory were ruled by kings.
Lippe was a state in Germany, ruled by the House of Lippe.
Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern and southern Caribbean.
Principality of Valona is mapped in the atlas for 1333 CE – 1374 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 774 km².
The Isle of Man, also known simply as Man or Mann, is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland.
Barbados is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.
Kathmandu is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley.
The Kingdom of Singapura was a Malay polity believed to have been founded as a Hindu–Buddhist kingdom during the early history of Singapore on the island of Temasek, lasting from 1299 until its decline and fall between 1396 and 1398.
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country in Southeast Asia.
The County of Boulogne was a county within the Kingdom of France during the 9th to 15th centuries, centred on the city of Boulogne-sur-Mer.
Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean.
Antigua and Barbuda is an archipelagic country in the Caribbean composed of Antigua, Barbuda, and dozens of other small islands.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, sometimes known simply as Saint Vincent, is an archipelagic country in the eastern Caribbean.
For most of its 1,200 year history, Bremen was an independent city within the confederal jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire.
Wihtwara were the Early Medieval inhabitants of the Isle of Wight, a 147-square-mile (380 km2) island off the south coast of England.
Saint Kitts, also known as Saint Christopher, is an island in the West Indies.
Grenada is an archipelagic country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country located in the central Mediterranean Sea.
Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The second largest colonial empire of the 19th and 20th centuries, spanning 11.5 million km² across West and Equatorial Africa, Indochina, and the Maghreb.
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in southwestern Europe, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south.
Nanzan , also known as Sannan before the 18th century, located in the south of Okinawa Island, was one of three independent political entities which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century.
The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman–Kipchak confederation, which was a tribal confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Tangier International Zone is mapped in the atlas for 1912 CE – 1957 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 275 km².
Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelagic country consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean.
The Principality of Orange was, from 1163 to 1713, a feudal state in Provence, in the south of modern-day France, on the east bank of the river Rhone, north of the city of Avignon, and surrounded by the independent papal state of Comtat Venaissin.
The Principality of Lichtenberg on the Nahe River was an exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1816 to 1826 and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826 to 1834, when it was sold to the Kingdom of Prussia.
Frankfurt was a major city of the Holy Roman Empire, serving as the seat of imperial elections since 885 and as the site of imperial coronations from 1562 until 1792.
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate in Western Europe.
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate in Western Europe.
The Gaza Strip is governed by Hamas which assumed control of the territory on 11 June 2007 after seizing it from the rival Fatah-controlled Palestinian Authority (PA).
Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked country in the Central European Alps.
The Duchy of Amalfi or the Republic of Amalfi was a de facto independent state centered on the Southern European city of Amalfi during the 10th and 11th centuries.
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy.
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