From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
The Sultanate of Bima, officially known as The Settlements and Lands of Mbojo, alternatively the Kingdom of Bima, was a Muslim state in the eastern part of Sumbawa in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day regency of Bima.
Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France.
The Catalan Company or the Great Catalan Company was a company of mercenaries led by Roger de Flor in the early 14th century and hired by Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos to combat the increasing power of the Anatolian beyliks.
The Judicate of Cagliari was one of the four kingdoms or judicates into which Sardinia was divided during the Middle Ages.
The Duchy of Luxembourg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.
The Principality of Abkhazia emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th–16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of the unified Georgian monarchy.
The House of Luxembourg or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kings of Germany and Holy Roman emperors as well as kings of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia.
The Nieuwe Republiek was a small Boer republic which existed from 1884 to 1888 in present-day South Africa.
The Taifa of Tortosa was a medieval Islamic taifa kingdom.
The Electorate of Württemberg was a short-lived state of the Holy Roman Empire on the right bank of the Rhine.
The Principality of Beloozero was a Russian principality which flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries in the Russian North.
Lebanon, officially the Lebanese Republic, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
The Grand Duchy of Würzburg was a German grand duchy centered on Würzburg existing in the Napoleonic era.
Commagene was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Orontids, a dynasty of Iranian origin, that had ruled over the Satrapy of Armenia.
The Republic of the Rif was a confederate republic in the Rif, Morocco, that existed between 1921 and 1926.
Cape Verde, also referred to in English by its Portuguese name Cabo Verde, and known officially as the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelagic country in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of West Africa.
The Dauphiné, traditionally known in English as Dauphiny, is a former province in southeastern France during the Ancien régime, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present-day departments of Isère, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes.
Berga is the capital of the comarca (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see and ecclesiastical province in northeastern Italy, originally centered in the ancient city of Aquileia, situated near the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
The Taifa of Albarracín was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom.
The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia.
Łęczyca Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century until the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795.
The Frisians are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwestern Europe on the coastal regions of northern Netherlands, north-western Germany and southwestern Denmark.
Cusco or Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range, and the Huatanay and Urubamba rivers.
Puebloans - Aztec Regional System is mapped in the atlas for 1152 CE – 1304 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 8,739 km².
The Taifa of Algeciras was a medieval Muslim taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain and Gibraltar, that existed from 1035 to 1058.
The Samudera Pasai Sultanate, also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.
The Electorate of Salzburg was an electoral principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from 1803 to 1805.
Kelantan is a state in Malaysia. The capital, Kota Bharu, includes the royal seat of Kubang Kerian.
The Judicate of Logudoro or Torres was one of the four kingdoms or iudicati into which Sardinia was divided during the Middle Ages.
The Aydinids or Aydinid dynasty, also known as the Principality of Aydin and Beylik of Aydin, was one of the Turkoman Anatolian beyliks and famous for its seaborne raiding.
The Bali Kingdom was a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.
Bali is an Indonesian island and province and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands.
The County of Artois was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659.
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.
The Electorate of Baden was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806.
The Emirate of Nekor or Salihid Emirate was an emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco.
Tver is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia.
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present-day region of Emilia-Romagna.
The Cispadane Republic was a short-lived client republic located in northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Wei, commonly spelled Wey to distinguish from the contemporary larger Wei (魏) state, was an ancient Chinese state that was founded in the early Western Zhou dynasty and rose to prominence during the Spring and Autumn period.
The Russian-occupied territories refers to Russia's military occupations in several other post-Soviet states since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Duchy of Kuyavia is mapped in the atlas for 1188 CE – 1205 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 6,844 km².
Kutai is a historical region in what is now the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.
Kutai is a historical region in what is now the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.
Cebu, also called Sugbu, informally referred to as the Rajahnate of Cebu, was an Indianized mandala (polity) monarchy on the island of Cebu in the Philippines prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors.
Zou, originally Zhu or Zhulou, was a minor state that existed during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.
The County of Besalú was one of the landlocked medieval Catalan counties near the Mediterranean coastline.
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states.
The Taifa of Silves was an Arab taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southern Portugal for two distinct periods: from 1027 to 1063, and again from 1145 to 1150, when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.
The Principality of Regensburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was created in 1803.
Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost archipelagic country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several smaller islets.
Principality of Valona and Kanina is mapped in the atlas for 1395 CE – 1421 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 6,060 km².
The Kingdom of the Isles was a Norse–Gaelic kingdom comprising the Isle of Man, the Hebrides and the islands of the Clyde from the 9th to the 13th centuries.
The Kingdom of Powys was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.
Negeri Sembilan, historically spelled as Negri Sembilan and also known by the shorthand N9, is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Menteshe was the first of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality), the frontier principalities established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
The Sultanate of Sambas was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo, in modern-day Indonesia.
The Kampili kingdom was a short-lived Hindu kingdom in the 14th century CE in South India.
The Kingdom of the South Saxons, today referred to as the Kingdom of Sussex, was an early medieval English kingdom, constituting one of the seven traditional kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England.
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