Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria: Map & History
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.
Modern Countries Once Part of Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria
At its mapped extent, Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria covered territory in 28 present-day countries. The period shown is when the mapped borders include that country, and the note says how much of it.
- Cyprus633–655 CE · nearly all
- Montenegro633–637 CE · nearly all
- Malta633–869 CE · nearly all
- San Marino633–731 CE · nearly all
- Vatican (Holy See)633–762 CE · nearly all
- Bulgaria633–813 CE · most
- Egypt633–640 CE · most
- Turkey633–869 CE · most
- Lebanon633–637 CE · most
- Syria633–637 CE · most
- Jordan633 CE · most
- Palestine633–637 CE · most
- Israel633–637 CE · most
- Tunisia633–704 CE · most
- Greece633–869 CE · most
- Armenia633–767 CE · a large part
- Azerbaijan763–767 CE · a large part
- Albania633–869 CE · a large part
- Georgia633–767 CE · a large part
- Italy633–869 CE · a large part
- Libya633–673 CE · a large part
- Ukraine674–869 CE · a small part
- Croatia633–637 CE · a small part
- Algeria633–704 CE · a small part
- Russia633–869 CE · a small part
- Romania633–673 CE · a small part
- Kazakhstan647–869 CE · a small part
- France633–731 CE · a small part
States and Provinces
- Rostov, Russia
- Krasnodar, Russia
- Stavropol', Russia
- Atyrau, Kazakhstan
- Al Minya, Egypt
- Calabria, Italy
- Donets'k, Ukraine
- Kentriki Makedonia, Greece
- Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- Matruh, Egypt
- Sicily, Italy
- Ajdabiya, Libya
- Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki, Greece
- Apulia, Italy
- Crimea, Russia
- Hatay, Turkey
- Volgograd, Russia
- Dagestan, Russia
- West Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
Largest Present-Day Cities in Its Territory
Each opens on the live map inside Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria's borders of that time.
Derived by testing mapped cities against this polity's dated territorial polygons, so the list is indicative and follows the borders in the source dataset.
Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria in Depth
History
Given the significant overlap in historiographical periodisations of Late Roman history, late antiquity, and Byzantine history, there is no consensus on a foundation date for the Byzantine Empire. Scholarship with links to Greece or Eastern Orthodoxy has customarily placed it in the early 300s. The growth of the study of "late antiquity" has led to some historians setting a start date in the seventh or eighth centuries. Others believe a "new empire" began during changes c. 300 AD. Geoffrey Greatrex believes that it is impossible to precisely date the foundation of the Byzantine Empire.
Between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC, the Roman Republic established hegemony over the eastern Mediterranean, while its government developed into the one-person rule of an emperor.
Economy
The empire's geographic and maritime advantages reduced the costs of transporting goods and facilitated trade, making it a key driver of economic growth from antiquity and through the post-classical period. Infrastructure, including roads, public buildings, and the legal system, supported trade and other economic activities. Regions like Asia Minor, the Aegean islands, Egypt, the Levant, and Africa thrived as mature economic centres despite political challenges and military insecurities. From the mid-6th century onward, plagues, invasions, and wars caused populations and economies to decline, leading to the collapse of the ancient economy.
Legacy
After Constantinople fell, the Ottomans quickly absorbed the remaining independent territories, including Acciaiuoli Athens in 1458, Morea in 1460, Trebizond in 1461, and Gattilusi Lesbos in 1462. They dismantled the Empire's political and secular institutions, leaving the impoverished Church to manage what would be later called the Rum Millet, primarily as a tool for taxing its followers. As the sole sovereign Orthodox state, Russia developed the Third Rome doctrine, emphasising its cultural heritage as distinct from Western Europe, because the latter had inherited much of the empire's secular learning. The Danubian Principalities became a haven for Orthodox Christians and Phanariot Greeks who sought to recreate a Byzantine Greek Empire.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Byzantine Empire (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria: Frequently Asked Questions
When did Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria exist?
Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria is dated to 633 CE – 869 CE, in the Early Middle Ages era.
What was the capital of Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria?
The capital of Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria was Constantinople.
How large was Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria at its peak?
At its peak in 633 AD Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria covered about 2,658,906 km².
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