Map of San Marino
San Marino is a country in Europe with its capital at San Marino, home to about 34,109 people across 61 km². The interactive map below plots 1 cities and towns and 1 mountain summits recorded for San Marino in YearMaps.
- Population
- 34,109
- Area
- 61 km²
- Capital
- San Marino
- Continent
- Europe
Interactive Map of San Marino
Centred on San Marino at 43.9361° N, 12.4418° E. Use the layer panel to switch on rivers, dams, ports, peaks and historical borders.
About San Marino
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two microstates within the Italian Peninsula, the other being Vatican City. San Marino is the fifth-smallest country in the world, with a land area of just over 61 square kilometres (24 sq mi) and a population of 34,042 as of 2025 which in 2026 dropped to 33,559. Its capital, the City of San Marino, sits atop Monte Titano, while its largest settlement is Dogana, in the municipality of Serravalle. San Marino claims to have been founded in AD 301 and to be the oldest extant sovereign state, and the oldest constitutional republic. It is named after Saint Marinus, a legendary stonemason from the Roman island of Rab (in present-day Croatia), who is said to have fled persecution under Emperor Diocletian to have established a monastic community on Monte Titano, where he built a small chapel. The country has a rare constitutional structure: the Grand and General Council, a democratically elected legislature, selects two heads of state, the Captains Regent, every six months. They are chosen from opposing political parties, and serve concurrently with equal powers and preside over several institutions of state, including the Grand and General Council. Only the Federal Council of Switzerland follows this same structure, except with some modifications due to its immensely larger size.
San Marino is a member of the Council of Europe and uses the euro as its official currency, but is not part of the European Union. The official language is Italian, although the traditional regiolect is Sammarinese, a dialect of Romagnol. Its economy is based on finance, industry, services, retail, and tourism, and it ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world by GDP (PPP) per capita. It hosts the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean. San Marino was also the first currently-existing state to abolish the death penalty (in 1865), although it had not actually been used since the 1400s. In 2025 San Marino was ranked 29th on the Human Development Index.
Summary adapted from Wikipedia: San Marino (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Geography and Climate of San Marino
Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.
- Location
- Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy.
- Climate
- Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers.
- Terrain
- Rugged mountains.
- Highest point
- Monte Titano 739 m.
- Lowest point
- Torrente Ausa 55 m.
- Coastline
- 0 km (landlocked)
- Land borders
- Total: 37 km; border countries: Italy 37 km.
- Natural resources
- Building stone.
- Land use
- Agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.); arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.); permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.); permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.); forest: 16.7% (2023 est.); other: 45% (2023 est.)
- Natural hazards
- Occasional earthquakes.
- Geographic note
- Landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains.
- Languages
- Italian.
- Religions
- Roman Catholic.
- Ethnic groups
- Sammarinese, Italian.
- Economy
- High-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt.
From the CIA World Factbook (public domain), archived edition of 2026-01-22. The Factbook is no longer updated, so figures reflect that edition.
San Marino in Numbers
- Population
- 34,109
- GDP
- US$2.0 billion
- GDP per person
- US$59,871
- Life expectancy
- 85.8 years
- Population growth
- 0.39% a year
- Population density
- 555 per km²
- Urban population
- 97.2%
- Surface area
- 61 km²
- Forest cover
- 16.3%
- Arable land
- 20.5%
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- Internet users
- 97.3%
Indicators from World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0). The year under each figure is its reference year.
San Marino in Depth
History
According to accounts that were first recorded centuries after he is suggested to have lived, Saint Marinus left the island of Rab in present-day Croatia with his lifelong friend Leo, and went to the city of Rimini as a stonemason. After the Diocletianic Persecution following his Christian sermons, he escaped to the nearby mountain Monte Titano, where he built a small church and thereby founded what is now the city and state of San Marino. According to William Miller, these accounts of the origin of San Marino "are a mixture of fables and miracles, but perhaps contain some grains of fact". The earliest historical evidence for a monastic community in San Marino dates to the 5th or 6th century AD, when a monk named Eugippus recorded that another monk had lived in a monastery in the area.
Geography
San Marino is an enclave surrounded by Italy in Southern Europe, almost entirely bordered by the province of Rimini in the Emilia Romagna region. Only a stretch of about three kilometres in the south is bordered by the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region. Located approximately ten kilometres (six miles) from the Adriatic coast near Rimini, San Marino features hilly terrain with little naturally flat ground, as part of the Apennine mountain range. The highest point in the country, the summit of Monte Titano, reaches 749 m (2,457 ft) above sea level, while the lowest point, the Ausa River (which flows into the Marecchia), is at 55 m (180 ft). San Marino has no significant still or contained bodies of water.
Economy
San Marino is a developed country, and although it is not a European Union member it is allowed to use the euro as its currency by arrangement with the Council of the European Union; it is also granted the right to use its own designs on the national side of the euro coins. It is one of six sovereign nations that use the Euro but are not part of the EU. The other nations are Kosovo, Monaco, Andorra, Vatican City, and Montenegro. Before the euro, the Sammarinese lira was pegged to, and exchangeable with, the Italian lira. The small number of Sammarinese euro coins, as was the case with the lira before it, are of interest to coin collectors. San Marino's GDP per capita and standard of living are comparable to that of Italy. Key industries include banking, electronics, and ceramics.
Demographics
As of September 2023, San Marino is estimated to number 33,896 residents. Of these, 28,226 have Sammarinese citizenship, while 4,881 have Italian citizenship, with 789 citizens of other countries. Another 13,000 Sammarinese live abroad (6,600 in Italy, 3,000 in the US, 2,000 in France and Argentina). The first census since 1976 was conducted in 2010. Results were expected by the end of 2011; however, 13% of families did not return their forms.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: San Marino (CC BY-SA 4.0).
San Marino: Key Facts
| Official language | Italian |
|---|---|
| Head of state | Denise Bronzetti |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic, diarchy |
| Calling code | +378 |
| Internet domain | .sm |
| Highest point | Monte Titano |
| Lowest point | Ausa River |
| Established | 3 September 301 CE |
Facts from Wikidata Q238 (CC0).
History of San Marino: Empires and States
The atlas records 20 polities whose mapped territory included part of San Marino, from Roman Republic in 281 BCE to 2024 CE. They are listed in the order they first appear.
| Polity | Period here | Extent |
|---|---|---|
| Roman Republic | 281–32 BCE | Nearly all |
| The Roman Empire | 31 BCE – 475 CE | Nearly all |
| Western Roman Empire | 395–475 CE | Nearly all |
| Ostrogoths | 490–499 CE | Nearly all |
| Ostrogothic Kingdom | 500–539 CE | Nearly all |
| Eastern Roman Empire | 540–632 CE | Nearly all |
| The Byzantine Empire | 540–731 CE | Nearly all |
| Kingdom of Italy | 732–1945 CE | Nearly all |
| Duchy of Spoleto | 741–898 CE | Nearly all |
| Papal States | 757–1859 CE | Nearly all |
| Kingdom of the Franks | 775–849 CE | Nearly all |
| Carolingian Empire | 775–935 CE | Nearly all |
| Middle Franks | 850–859 CE | Nearly all |
| West Franks | 860–886 CE | Nearly all |
| Kingdom of Lower Burgundy | 900–935 CE | Nearly all |
| The Holy Roman Empire | 961–1278 CE | Nearly all |
| Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire | 1202–1259 CE | Nearly all |
| Holy Roman Empire Minor States | 1260–1278 CE | Nearly all |
| Italian Republic | 1803–1813 CE | Nearly all |
| Republic of Italy | 1946–2024 CE | Nearly all |
Historical Maps of San Marino
San Marino on the world map in each year one of these states held it:
Derived by testing mapped cities against dated territorial polygons. Dates are when the polygons cover this place, not the polity's whole lifespan, and polities absent from the source dataset are not listed.
Visiting San Marino
San Marino, completely surrounded by Italy, is one of the world's smallest countries, and claims to be the world's oldest republic.
Most cultural attractions are in the capital city, which is also named San Marino. At the top of a mountain, the City of San Marino is full of old buildings, restaurants, and stores catering to tourists, as well as several small museums, and has beautiful views of the nearby towns and surrounding countryside.
Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: San Marino (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Largest Cities in San Marino
1 city recorded. Ranked by metropolitan population. A port city's harbour is written up on the page of its sea.
| # | Name | Population | Region | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Marino | 29,579 | — | National capital |
Highest Mountains in San Marino
1 mountain recorded. Ranked by summit elevation above sea level. A summit on a border is listed under both countries.
| # | Name | Elevation | Feet | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Monte Titano | 739 m | 2,425 ft | Europe |
Monte Titano
Mountain · 739 m
Monte Titano is a mountain rising to 739 metres (2,425 ft) in San Marino, in the Europe region. From PeakBagger.com, with kind permission..
Monte Titano ("Mount Titan") or Monte Brugola is a mountain of the Apennines and the highest point in the country of San Marino. It stands 739 m (2,425 ft) above sea level Its peak is located within the municipal limits of the country's capital, San Marino, immediately east of the urbanized area.
It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 under the combined title "San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano". Inscribed under reference no. 1245 criteria iii, the two together encompass an area of 55 ha with a buffer zone of 167 ha. It encompasses Mount Titano and the other structures such as the fortification towers, walls, gates and bastions, as well as a neo-classical basilica located on it and its slopes forming a small but unique urban conglomerate.
Straddled on the ridge of Mount Titano is the city of San Marino of the Republic of San Marino, the history of which dates from the early 4th century. According to the legend related to the Mount and its precincts, a small monastery existed on top of the Mount during the 8th century.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Monte Titano (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Elevation
- 739 m (2,425 ft)
- Global rank
- #593 of 641 indexed
- Region
- Europe (#69)
- Country
- San Marino
- Coordinates
- 43.9100°, 12.4500°
Of the 641 named summits indexed in YearMaps, Monte Titano ranks #593 by elevation, below Hohe Acht (747 m) and above Cold Mt (739 m).
- Ranges:
- Appennini (Europe), Dinaric Alps (Europe)
- Neighbouring summits:
- Corno Grande (2,912 m), Triglav (2,864 m), Dinara (1,831 m)
- Settlements below:
- San Marino (3 km), Ravenna (60 km), Arezzo (68 km)
More about Monte Titano
Geography and environment
Monte Titano is located in central San Marino (seen in maps in rough rectangular shape), to the southeast of the City of San Marino and to the north of the village of Murata, at a distance of 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Adriatic Coast. Monte Titano looks like a rugged limestone outcrop, located only 13 kilometres (a figure of 10 km is mentioned in another reference) from the Adriatic Sea on the Apennines. Although the highest point is 739 metres above sea level, the rocky outcrop is about 200 metres in height at most. From the top of Monte Titano views of the entire nation of San Marino and further afield can be viewed scenically.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Monte Titano (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Monte Titano: Key Facts
| Topographic prominence | 251 m |
|---|---|
| Mountain range | Apennines of Rimini |
Facts from Wikidata Q158526 (CC0).
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in San Marino
1 World Heritage Site recorded. Listed by year of inscription, earliest first. Sites shared with another country appear under each.
| # | Name | Inscribed | Type | Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano | 2008 | Cultural | (iii) |
Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of San Marino
1 landform recorded. Ranked by mapped area. Covers mountain ranges, deserts, plateaus, named glaciers, plains, basins, peninsulas and capes. One that crosses a border is listed under every country it lies in, with the area of the whole feature.
| # | Name | Area | Type | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Appennini | 59,780 km² | Range/mtn | Europe |
Appennini
Range/mtn · 59,780 km²
Appennini is a range/mtn in Europe, covering an estimated 59,780 km². It extends across Italy and San Marino.
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains ( AP-ə-nyne; Italian: Appennini [appenˈniːni]) are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending c. 1,200 km (750 mi) the length of peninsular Italy. In the northwest they join the Ligurian Alps at Altare. In the southwest they end at Reggio di Calabria, the coastal city at the tip of the peninsula. Since 2000 the Environment Ministry of Italy, following the recommendations of the Apennines Park of Europe Project, has defined the Apennines System to include the mountains of north Sicily, a total distance of 1,500 kilometres (930 mi). The system forms an arc enclosing the east of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas.
The Apennines preserve some intact ecosystems that have survived human intervention. In these are some of the best-preserved forests and montane grasslands in Europe, now protected by national parks and, within them, a high diversity of flora and fauna. These mountains are one of the last places where big European predators such as the Italian wolf and the Marsican brown bear still exist, They are now extinct in the rest of Central Europe.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Apennine Mountains (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Feature class
- Range/mtn
- Mapped extent
- 59,780 km²
- Size rank
- #70 of 216 mountain ranges
- Region
- Europe
- Countries
- Italy, San Marino
- Coordinates
- 41.9332°, 13.5682°
- Summits:
- Monte Titano (739 m)
- Adjacent ranges:
- Dinaric Alps (Europe), Alps (Europe)
- Settlements:
- San Marino (5 km)
More about Appennini
Geography
The Apennines are divided into three sectors: northern (Appennino settentrionale), central (Appennino centrale), and southern (Appennino meridionale).
A number of long hiking trails wind through the Apennines. Of note is European walking route E1 coming from northern Europe and traversing the lengths of the northern and central Apennines. The Grand Italian Trail begins in Trieste and after winding through the Alpine arc traverses the entire Apennine system, Sicily and Sardinia.
The northern Apennines consist of three subchains: the Ligurian (Appennino ligure), Tuscan–Emilian (Appennino tosco-emiliano), and Umbrian Apennines (Appennino umbro).
Geology
The Apennines were created in the Apennine orogeny beginning in the early Neogene (about 20 mya, the middle Miocene) and continuing today. Geographically they are partially (or appear to be) continuous with the Alpine system. Prior to the explosion of data on the topic from about the year 2000, many authors took the approach that the Apennines had the same origin as the Alps. Even today, some authors use the term Alpine-Apennine system. They are not, however, the same system and did not have the same origin. The Alps were millions of years old before the Apennines rose from the sea.
The northward movement of the African Plate and its collision with the European Plate then caused the Alpine Orogeny, beginning in the late Mesozoic.
History
The Apennine culture is a technology complex in central and southern Italy from the Italian Middle Bronze Age (15th–14th centuries BC). In the mid-20th century the Apennine was divided into Proto-, Early, Middle and Late sub-phases, but now archaeologists prefer to consider as "Apennine" only the ornamental pottery style of the later phase of the Middle Bronze Age (BM3).
This phase is preceded by the Grotta Nuova facies (central Italy) and by the Protoapennine B facies (southern Italy) and succeeded by the Subapennine facies of 13th-century ("Bronzo Recente"). Apennine pottery is a burnished ware incised with spirals, meanders and geometrical zones, filled with dots or transverse dashes.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Apennine Mountains (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Appennini: Key Facts
| Length | 1,200 km |
|---|---|
| Highest point | Corno Grande |
Facts from Wikidata Q1285 (CC0).
Countries Bordering San Marino
Land and maritime neighbours.
More Maps in Europe
San Marino: Quick Answers
- What is the capital of San Marino?
- The capital of San Marino is San Marino.
- What is the population of San Marino?
- San Marino has a population of about 34,109, the #216 largest of 225 countries in YearMaps. Source: World Bank, 2025.
- How big is San Marino?
- San Marino covers 61 km², ranking #220 by area, with about 559 people per square kilometre.
- Which continent is San Marino in?
- San Marino is in Europe.
- Which countries border San Marino?
- San Marino shares a land or maritime border with Italy.
- What is the largest city in San Marino?
- San Marino is the largest city in San Marino, with a metropolitan population of about 29,579.
- What is the highest mountain in San Marino?
- The highest summit recorded for San Marino in YearMaps is Monte Titano at 739 m (2,425 ft). Summits on a border are counted for both countries.