From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin, closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Kannauj is an ancient city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a municipal board home to the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district.
Qin, known in historiography as the Later Qin or Yao Qin (姚秦), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Yao clan of Qiang ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in northern China.
The Haudenosaunee Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois, is a confederacy of Iroquoian Indigenous peoples in northeast North America.
Kingdom of England is mapped in the atlas for 936 CE – 1708 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 569,446 km².
Personal union between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland was achieved twice: under Louis I of Hungary, in 1370–1382, and under Władysław III of Poland in 1440–1444.
The Emirate of Córdoba, and from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031.
The House of Habsburg, also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Western civilization.
Taliban is mapped in the atlas for 1996 CE – 2005 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 560,314 km².
Anti-Kuomintang Coalition is mapped in the atlas for 1930 CE – 1931 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 556,635 km².
A thousand-year multi-ethnic confederation across Central Europe, bridging the legacy of Rome and Charlemagne with the Golden Bull electoral monarchy.
Tuyuhun, also known as Henan and Azha, was a dynastic monarchy established by the nomadic peoples related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.
The Hashemite Arab Federation was a short-lived confederation that lasted from 14 February to 2 August 1958, between the Hashemite kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan.
Srivijaya, also spelled Sri Vijaya or Sriwijaya, was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra that influenced much of Southeast Asia.
Crown of Castile is mapped in the atlas for 1236 CE – 1515 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 535,551 km².
Talpur Dynasty is mapped in the atlas for 1820 CE – 1894 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 535,464 km².
The Maukhari dynasty was a post-Gupta dynasty who controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for almost a century from Kannauj.
The Akkadian Empire or the Kingdom of Akkad/Agade was an ancient kingdom established around 2300 BCE, often seen as the first empire in world history, succeeding and unifying the long-lived city-states of the Early Dynastic period.
The Ukrainian State was the official name of Ukraine used between 29 April and 14 December 1918, following the deposition of the Central Rada of Ukrainian People's Republic.
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, and formerly known as Siam, is a country located in Mainland Southeast Asia.
The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century.
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country comprising the western and northernmost parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, the remote Arctic island Jan Mayen and the archipelago Svalbard.
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major, sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes II, was an Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.
Qara Qoyunlu is mapped in the atlas for 1375 CE – 1467 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 516,574 km².
Allegiance of Sultanate of Rum to Abbasid Caliphate is mapped in the atlas for 1202 CE – 1249 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 515,669 km².
Yan, known in historiography as the Later Yan, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei people during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.
Southern Wu is mapped in the atlas for 911 CE – 959 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 495,453 km².
Lysimachus was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great who became king of Thrace in 306 BC, western Asia Minor in 301 BC and Macedon in 288 BC.
Xionites, Khionites, Chionites, or Chionitae were a nomadic people in the Central Asian regions of Transoxiana and Bactria.
The Adal Sultanate, also known as the Adal Empire or Barr Saʿad dīn, was a medieval Sunni Muslim empire which was located in the Horn of Africa.
Parhae, also rendered as Bohai or Balhae, and called Jin early on, was a multiethnic kingdom established in 698 by Tae Choyŏng.
The Indo-Parthian kingdom, also known as Pahlavas in the ancient Sanskrit texts, was a syncretic state founded by Gondophares I in the first century CE.
Rus' is mapped in the atlas for 880 CE – 881 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 485,847 km².
The North Sea Empire, also known as the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire, was the personal union of the kingdoms of England, Denmark and Norway for most of the period between 1013 and 1042 towards the end of the Viking Age.
The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region.
Papua New Guinea is mapped in the atlas for 1946 CE – 2024 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 483,568 km².
The Weimar Republic was a historical period of the German state from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history.
The Khanate of Kokand was an early modern state in the Fergana Valley of Central Asia.
Western Xia is mapped in the atlas for 990 CE – 1226 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 474,374 km².
The Bahmani Kingdom, or the Bahmani Sultanate, was a late medieval Persianate kingdom that ruled the Deccan Plateau in India.
The Rustamid dynasty was an Ibadi dynasty of Persian origin which ruled a state that was centered in present-day Algeria.
Minyue was an ancient kingdom in what is now the Fujian province in southern China.
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.
Oghuz Khagan or Oğuz Khan is a legendary khan of the Turkic people and an eponymous ancestor of the Oghuz Turks.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946.
Sigismund of Luxembourg was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437.
Vladislaus II, also known as Vladislav, Władysław, or Wladislas ;, was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516 and King of Hungary and King of Croatia from 1490 to 1516.
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC.
Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia.
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country comprising the western and northernmost parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, the remote Arctic island Jan Mayen and the archipelago Svalbard.
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Edo shogunate, was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia.
Kingdom of Italy is mapped in the atlas for 587 CE – 1946 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 455,534 km².
Ancient Carthage was an ancient civilization based in North Africa.
The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, known as the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia before 1253, and also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus', was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.
Cheng-Han was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography.
The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand.
The North German Confederation was a confederated state that united the region of Germany north of the Main river from July 1867 to December 1870.
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
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