
Lake Superior
Lake · 84,920 km²
Lake Superior is a lake in the United States and Canada, with a mapped surface area of about 84,920 km². About 65% of its surface lies in the United States, and the rest in Canada.
Lake Superior is a lake in central North America. The northernmost, westernmost, and highest of the Great Lakes, Lake Superior straddles the Canada–United States border with the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east and the U.S. states of Minnesota to the west and Michigan and Wisconsin to the south. It is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume. It drains into Lake Huron via St. Marys River, then through the lower Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River and ultimately the Atlantic Ocean.
Adapted from Wikipedia: Lake Superior (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Surface area
- 84,920 km²
- Area rank
- #2 of 756 indexed
- Type
- Lake
- Countries
- United States, Canada
- Coordinates
- 47.9334°, -87.0297°
Among the 756 water bodies with a mapped extent in YearMaps, Lake Superior ranks #2 by surface area, after Caspian Sea (425,231 km²) and ahead of Lake Victoria (69,385 km²). Areas are computed from the mapped outline and are approximate.
- Other water nearby:
- Whitefish Bay (1,959 km²), Lake Winnebago (501 km²)
More about Lake Superior
Geography
The largest island in Lake Superior is Isle Royale in Michigan. Isle Royale contains several lakes, some of which also contain islands. Other well-known islands include Madeline Island in Wisconsin, Michipicoten Island in Ontario, and Grand Island (the location of the Grand Island National Recreation Area) in Michigan.
The larger cities on Lake Superior include the twin ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin; Thunder Bay, Ontario; Marquette, Michigan; and the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Duluth-Superior, at the western end of Lake Superior, is the most inland point on the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the most inland port in the world.
Geology
The rocks of Lake Superior's northern shore date back to the early history of the earth. During the Precambrian (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago) magma forcing its way to the surface created the intrusive granites of the Canadian Shield. These ancient granites can be seen on the North Shore today. It was during the Penokean orogeny, part of the process that created the Great Lakes tectonic zone, that many valuable metals were deposited. The region surrounding the lake has proved to be rich in minerals, with copper, iron, silver, gold and nickel the most frequently mined.
History
The first people came to the Lake Superior region 10,000 years ago after the retreat of the glaciers in the Last Glacial Period. They are known as the Plano, and they used stone-tipped spears to hunt caribou on the northwestern side of Lake Minong. The Shield Archaic peoples arrived around 5000 BC; evidence of this culture can be found at the eastern and western ends of the Canadian shore. They used bows and arrows, paddled dugout canoes, fished, hunted, mined copper for tools and weapons, and established trading networks. They are believed to be the direct ancestors of the Ojibwe and Cree. The people of the Laurel complex (c. 500 BC to AD 500) developed seine net fishing, evidence being found at rivers around Superior such as the Pic and Michipicoten.
Ecology
More than 80 species of fish have been found in Lake Superior. Species native to the lake include banded killifish, bloater, brook trout, burbot, cisco, lake sturgeon, lake trout, lake whitefish, longnose sucker, muskellunge, northern pike, pumpkinseed, rock bass, round whitefish, smallmouth bass, walleye, white sucker and yellow perch. In addition, many fish species have been either intentionally or accidentally introduced to Lake Superior: Atlantic salmon, brown trout, carp, chinook salmon, coho salmon, freshwater drum, pink salmon, rainbow smelt, rainbow trout, round goby, ruffe, sea lamprey and white perch.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Lake Superior (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Lake Superior: Key Facts
| Surface area | 82,350 km² |
|---|---|
| Maximum depth | 406 m |
| Surface elevation | 183 m |
| Inflows | Saint Louis River, Pigeon River, Pic River, White River, Michipicoten River, Kaministiquia River |
| Outflows | St. Marys River |
| Drainage system | Lake Superior drainage basin |
Facts from Wikidata Q1066 (CC0).













































































