The historic trans-continental artery connecting China with the Mediterranean, transmitting luxury commodities, religions (Buddhism, Islam), and technological innovations.
Formally initiated during the Han dynasty following Zhang Qian’s diplomatic mission to the Western Regions in 138 BCE, the Silk Road was not a single paved road but a dynamic network of desert tracks, oasis stopovers, and mountain passes skirts around the Taklamakan Desert and across the Pamir and Tian Shan mountains. Two-humped Bactrian camels carried high-value, low-weight goods that could offset the exorbitant costs of desert transport.
Facilitated not merely bilateral commerce, but the transmission of paper-making, sericulture (silk production), gunpowder, movable type, and printing across Eurasia, forever altering world history.
143 caravanserais and 3 caravan halting places recorded within 40 km of the mapped line. A caravanserai is a roadside inn; a halting place is a named camping ground with no permanent building. How caravans travelled and how a caravanserai worked.
Caravanserai · Turkey · 41.0138° N, 28.9684° E
The Büyük Valide Han (Turkish: Büyük Valide Han, lit. 'great inn of the sultan's mother') is the largest historic han (caravanserai) in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded in 1651 by Kösem Valide Sultan, mother of the Ottoman sultans Murat IV and Ibrahim and wife of sultan Ahmed I.
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Caravanserai · Turkey · 41.0134° N, 28.9693° E
The Büyük Yeni Han (Turkish: Büyük Yeni Han, lit. 'large new inn') is a large historic han (caravanserai) in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by Sultan Mustafa III and completed in 1764 CE (1177 AH). It is the second largest historic caravanserai in the city.
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Caravanserai · Turkey · 41.0082° N, 28.9712° E
Elçi Han, literally the Ambassador's Inn, was a historical han (inn) in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).
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Caravanserai · Syria · 33.5092° N, 36.3067° E
Khan As'ad Pasha (Arabic: خَان أَسْعَد بَاشَا, romanized: Khān ʾAsʿad Bāşā) is the largest caravanserai (khān) in the Old City of Damascus, covering an area of 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft). Situated along Al-Buzuriyah Souq, it was built and named after As'ad Pasha al-Azm, the governor of Damascus, in 1751–52. Khan As'ad Pasha has been described as one of the finest khans of Damascus, and the most "ambitious" work of architecture in the city.
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Caravanserai · Syria · 33.5088° N, 36.3046° E
Khan Jaqmaq (Arabic: خَان جَقْمَق, romanized: Ḵān Jaqmaq) is one of the few remaining khans in the Old City of Damascus, it was built by the Mamluk emir, Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq who was governor of Damascus in 1418–20. It was rebuilt to a great extent in 1601.
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Caravanserai · Iraq · 33.3386° N, 44.3925° E
The Khan Mirjan (Arabic: خان مرجان) is a building in the souk of Baghdad, Iraq. It was built by the Jalayirid governor of Baghdad, Amin al-Din Mirjan in the 14th century originally as a caravanserai, an inn for traveling merchants, with a large center hall that was 13 metres (43 ft) high. It features crenelated arches of brick, as well as perforated windows. The building was reputedly in a state of disrepair for over two centuries, with waist-high flood water from the Tigris standing in the famous hallway. By the mid-1980s, the building had been restored and was in use as a restaurant.
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Caravanserai · Turkey · 40.1843° N, 29.0635° E
The Koza Han (Turkish: Koza Hanı, lit. 'inn of the silk cocoon') is a historic caravanserai (han) in Bursa, Turkey. It is located in the heart of the city's historic market district.
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Caravanserai · Turkey · 41.0131° N, 28.9701° E
The Kürkçü Han (Turkish: Kürkçü Han, lit. 'Inn of the Furriers') is a large historic han (caravanserai) in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mahmud Pasha, the grand vizier of Mehmet II, it was completed in 1467 and is the oldest surviving caravanserai in the city, although it has been modified, partly ruined, and renovated over the centuries.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 36.2846° N, 57.1435° E
Mehr Caravanserai (Persian: کاروانسرای مهر) is a historic caravanserai belonging to the Qajar era in Mehr, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It was listed among the national heritage sites of Iran with the number 1660 on 16 September 1984.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 36.2664° N, 60.6553° E
Ribat-i Sharaf (Persian: رباط شرف, pronounced [ɹeˌbɒːt‿e ʃæˈɹæf]) is a historical caravanserai, or rest place for travellers, located in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, between Merv and Nishapur. Built in the 12th century (first built 1114–15), the building looks like a fortified rectangle from the exterior. The internal courtyard and four-iwan floor plan is a traditional characteristic of Iranian architecture and of Islamic architecture in the wider region.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 36.2689° N, 50.0006° E
The Sa'd al-Saltaneh Caravanserai (Persian: کاروانسرای سعدالسلطنه) is a large Caravanserai located in the city of Qazvin, Qazvin province, Iran. Built during the Qajar era, the caravanserai is one of Iran's best preserved urban caravanserais, and the world's largest indoor caravanserai. The builder (patron) of this large caravanserai is Sa'd al-Saltaneh, the ruler of Qazvin during the Qajar era. With an area of 6.2 hectares, the caravanserai is built on a square plan, has 4 iwans facing a courtyard. The interiors are decorated with Muqarnas. The Hujrehs, or the rooms for the travelers, are situated one meter above the courtyard ground level. The Hashti behind the southern iwan has the largest gonbad, with 4 semi-domes adjacent to it. The eastern-western axis of the Hashti is called Dalan-e Qeisariyeh (دالان قيصريه ) or "Caesar's Hall", and the north–south axis of the Caravanserai's Hashti is named Dalan-e Ghahremani (دالان قهرماني) or "Ghahremani Hall". The former is connected to the "Bazaar of Vizir" of the city. There are also two smaller courtyards in the east and west of the Caravanserai.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 35.8100° N, 51.0011° E
The Shah Abbasi Caravansarai (Persian: کاروانسرای شاهعباسی) is a historic Safavid era caravanserai in Karaj, Iran, probably built by the orders of the Safavid Shah, Suleiman I.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 36.1972° N, 58.8015° E
The Shah Abbasi Caravansarai of Nishapur (Persian: کاروانسرای شاهعباسی) is a Safavid era caravanserai located in central Nishapur. This caravanserai was built by the orders of the Safavid Shah, Abbas the Great. Listed as a national heritage of Iran with the registration number 1230, it is now a tourist attraction and houses several handicraft shops and two museums.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 35.5889° N, 51.4370° E
The Shah Abbasi Caravansarai (Persian: کاروانسرای شاهعباسی) is a historic caravanserai from the Safavid era and located in Ray, Iran.
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Caravanserai · Kyrgyzstan · 40.8231° N, 75.2889° E
Tash Rabat ("stone lodging") is a well-preserved 10th- or 15th-century stone caravanserai in At-Bashy District, Naryn Province, Kyrgyzstan, located at an altitude of 3,200 metres (10,500 ft).
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Caravanserai · Iran · 35.9363° N, 50.7196° E
Yengi Emam Caravansari (Persian: کاروانسرای ینگه امام) is located in Alborz province in the hills of Yengi Emam. The caravansary is considered an important site for Iranian architecture that evolved in the Silk Road. The building dates to the 17th century (11th century AH). The site is being rehabilitated by UNESCO and the European Union under Silk Roads Heritage Corridors in Afghanistan, Central Asia and Iran – International Dimension of the European Year of Cultural Heritage program.
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Caravanserai · Iran · 36.1657° N, 58.0863° E
Zafaraniyeh Caravanserai (Persian: کاروانسرای زعفرانیه) is a historic caravanserai belonging to the Safavid and Qajar eras in Zafaraniyeh, Iran. It was listed in the national heritage sites of Iran with the number 1696 on 8 December 1985.
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Caravanserai · Syria · 35.7562° N, 36.7551° E
Khan al-Sabil (Arabic: خان السبل) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of Idlib District of the Idlib Governorate, located south of Idlib. It is situated on either side of the Aleppo-Damascus highway, just east of the Jabal Zawiya mountain. Nearby localities include Maarrat al-Nu'man and Babila to the south, Masaran to the southeast, Shaykh Idris to the east, Maardibsah, Mardikh and Saraqib to the north and Kafr Battikh to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Khan al-Sabil had a population of 6,551 at the time of the 2004 census.
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Caravanserai · Syria · 33.5084° N, 36.3057° E
Khan Sulayman Pasha (Arabic: خَان سُلَيْمَان بَاشَا, romanized: Khān Sulaymān Bāşā) is a large hotel (formerly an urban caravanserai) in the Old City of Damascus. The site underwent renovation in 2025 and was subsequently converted into a hotel called Khan Wahoud.
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Caravanserai · Turkey · 37.5144° N, 34.0501° E
Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Turkish: Rüstem Paşa Kervansarayı) is a caravanserai located in Ereğli, Konya, Turkey, commissioned by Ottoman statesman and grand vizier Rüstem Pasha and built by court architect Mimar Sinan in 1552.
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| Name | Type | Country | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Büyük Valide Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0138° N, 28.9684° E |
| Büyük Yeni Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0134° N, 28.9693° E |
| Elçi Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0082° N, 28.9712° E |
| Khan As'ad Pasha | Caravanserai | Syria | 33.5092° N, 36.3067° E |
| Khan Jaqmaq | Caravanserai | Syria | 33.5088° N, 36.3046° E |
| Khan Mirjan | Caravanserai | Iraq | 33.3386° N, 44.3925° E |
| Koza Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1843° N, 29.0635° E |
| Kürkçü Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0131° N, 28.9701° E |
| Mehr Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2846° N, 57.1435° E |
| Ribat-i Sharaf | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2664° N, 60.6553° E |
| Sa'd al-Saltaneh Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2689° N, 50.0006° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Karaj | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.8100° N, 51.0011° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Nishapur | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1972° N, 58.8015° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Ray | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.5889° N, 51.4370° E |
| Tash Rabat | Caravanserai | Kyrgyzstan | 40.8231° N, 75.2889° E |
| Yengi Emam Caravansari | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.9363° N, 50.7196° E |
| Zafaraniyeh Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1657° N, 58.0863° E |
| Khan al-Sabil | Caravanserai | Syria | 35.7562° N, 36.7551° E |
| Khan Sulayman Pasha | Caravanserai | Syria | 33.5084° N, 36.3057° E |
| Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Ereğli) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.5144° N, 34.0501° E |
| Abbasabad Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.9959° N, 60.7183° E |
| Abdolabad Castle | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.3003° N, 52.9506° E |
| Abgarm Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.5059° N, 60.0666° E |
| Afşarören Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.5358° N, 32.6297° E |
| Ahvan Stone Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.7706° N, 53.7324° E |
| Akbaş Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0469° N, 32.9384° E |
| Ali Pasha Inn | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0191° N, 28.9648° E |
| Altunapa Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8886° N, 32.3035° E |
| Anıtkaya Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.9535° N, 30.3443° E |
| Antakya Uzun Çarşı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 36.2026° N, 36.1628° E |
| Apolyont Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1864° N, 29.0601° E |
| Argıt Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.2953° N, 31.7153° E |
| Atik Valide Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0180° N, 29.0230° E |
| Atlas Han (Karaman) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.3560° N, 33.6282° E |
| Baba Ghodrat Caravansarai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2718° N, 59.6196° E |
| Balibey Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1849° N, 29.0586° E |
| Balkapanı Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0169° N, 28.9690° E |
| Bayram Paşa Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.1782° N, 35.0210° E |
| Bedasht Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.4247° N, 55.0506° E |
| Bodrum Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0102° N, 28.9667° E |
| Büyük Çorapçı Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0145° N, 28.9698° E |
| Büyük Çukur Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0177° N, 28.9692° E |
| Çakırsaz Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 39.0763° N, 30.1963° E |
| Caravanserai Fathullajon | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7731° N, 64.4176° E |
| Caravanserai Nogay | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7723° N, 64.4182° E |
| Caravanserai Olimjon | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7721° N, 64.4167° E |
| Caravanserai Poi ostona | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7746° N, 64.4200° E |
| Çay Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.5927° N, 31.0232° E |
| Çoban Mustafa Paşa Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.8001° N, 29.4312° E |
| Craftsmen's Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.6567° N, 66.9784° E |
| Çuhacı Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0109° N, 28.9700° E |
| Çukur Han (Bursa) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1848° N, 29.0669° E |
| Damghan Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1683° N, 54.3433° E |
| Dehmolla Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2816° N, 54.7619° E |
| Dehnamak Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.2553° N, 52.7311° E |
| Dibidelik Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8817° N, 32.4316° E |
| Döğer Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 39.1276° N, 30.3919° E |
| Dokuzun Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0637° N, 32.5154° E |
| Elikesik Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0329° N, 32.1227° E |
| Emir Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1846° N, 29.0623° E |
| Erenkaya Yıkık Han (Meram) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.7464° N, 32.1270° E |
| Eskişehir Hanı (Bursa) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1850° N, 29.0700° E |
| Fakhr-e Davud Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.0000° N, 59.3135° E |
| Faramarz Khan Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2066° N, 57.6855° E |
| Fidan Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1850° N, 29.0641° E |
| Gaduk Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.8324° N, 52.9303° E |
| Geyve Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1851° N, 29.0630° E |
| Golshan Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.8008° N, 48.5144° E |
| Hacı Hafız Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.1287° N, 32.4953° E |
| Haji Reza Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2666° N, 49.9992° E |
| Horozlu Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.9300° N, 32.5273° E |
| İç Koza Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1845° N, 29.0640° E |
| Ilgın Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.2662° N, 31.9067° E |
| Imamzadeh Hashem Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.7790° N, 52.0385° E |
| İpek Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1852° N, 29.0609° E |
| İshaklı Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.5328° N, 31.2283° E |
| Jurabek Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7716° N, 64.4190° E |
| Kalu Marghuz Ow | Caravan halting place | Afghanistan | 34.6667° N, 64.2833° E |
| Kamboj Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.8016° N, 52.0281° E |
| Kamereddin Han (Ulukışla) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.4820° N, 34.4345° E |
| Kapan Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1840° N, 29.0606° E |
| Kazıklı Caravanserai (Gölcük) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.6941° N, 29.8293° E |
| Kelemcioğlu Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.3588° N, 30.0117° E |
| Kermanshah New Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.3168° N, 47.0682° E |
| Khan al-Hibal | Caravanserai | Syria | 36.1990° N, 37.1560° E |
| Khan al-Saboon | Caravanserai | Syria | 36.1998° N, 37.1580° E |
| Khan al-Wazir | Caravanserai | Syria | 36.1999° N, 37.1592° E |
| Khan Khayr Bek | Caravanserai | Syria | 36.1990° N, 37.1590° E |
| Khanat Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.6670° N, 51.4300° E |
| Kireli | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0039° N, 31.4719° E |
| Kıble Street Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0192° N, 28.9643° E |
| Kızılören Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8735° N, 32.0764° E |
| Kızılören Küçük Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8719° N, 32.0790° E |
| Koba caravanserai | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.0551° N, 66.8278° E |
| Kolari | Caravan halting place | Afghanistan | 35.1608° N, 62.7550° E |
| Kulita Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7741° N, 64.4170° E |
| Kurşunlu Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0225° N, 28.9724° E |
| Kurşunlu Han (Antakya) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 36.2030° N, 36.1639° E |
| Kuruçeşme Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8968° N, 32.1647° E |
| Lala Mustafa Paşa Hanı (Ilgın) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.2804° N, 31.9165° E |
| Mahi Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.0758° N, 60.3518° E |
| Mazinan Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.3079° N, 56.8064° E |
| Mecidiye Hanı (Konya) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.8695° N, 32.4997° E |
| Memarzadeh Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2064° N, 57.6750° E |
| Meyami Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.4092° N, 55.6534° E |
| Miandasht Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.4286° N, 56.0600° E |
| Mirza Kazem Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.8002° N, 48.5159° E |
| Ortaköy Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.0266° N, 29.5663° E |
| Pamukçu Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.7180° N, 32.4215° E |
| Pirinç Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1857° N, 29.0602° E |
| Qadamgah Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1071° N, 59.0613° E |
| Qasr-e Shirin Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.5132° N, 45.5793° E |
| Qusheh Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.9610° N, 54.0449° E |
| Rashid Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Uzbekistan | 39.7717° N, 64.4189° E |
| Raziye Sultan Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.2402° N, 32.2100° E |
| Ribat-i Mahi Caravanserai, Mashhad | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.0645° N, 59.6150° E |
| Ribat-i-Rivand | Caravan halting place | Iran | 36.2000° N, 57.3500° E |
| Rivand Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2056° N, 57.3294° E |
| Russian Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2122° N, 57.6669° E |
| Sang Bast Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.9917° N, 59.7611° E |
| Sang-e Kelidar Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1582° N, 58.2529° E |
| Sarpush Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1806° N, 57.9371° E |
| Şehzade Mehmet Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0139° N, 28.9582° E |
| Sekerci Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0202° N, 28.9481° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Abbasabad | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.3611° N, 56.3878° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Ahvan | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.7704° N, 53.7301° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Eyvanki | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.3397° N, 52.0478° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Lasjerd | Caravanserai | Iran | 35.4001° N, 53.0835° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Sabzevar | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.2077° N, 57.6674° E |
| Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Sharifabad | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.0280° N, 59.5060° E |
| Sharifabad Courtyard Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.0276° N, 59.5052° E |
| Sharifabad Stone Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.5843° N, 56.0811° E |
| Sharifiyeh Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.8007° N, 48.5141° E |
| Souq Khan al-Harir | Caravanserai | Syria | 36.2008° N, 37.1553° E |
| Süleyman the Magnificent Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Turkey | 36.4925° N, 36.1933° E |
| Sultan Selim Han, Karapınar | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.7153° N, 33.5470° E |
| Toroq Caravanserai | Caravanserai | Iran | 36.1956° N, 59.6215° E |
| Tuz Hanı (Bursa) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 40.1845° N, 29.0657° E |
| Umur Bey Caravanserai (Afyonkarahisar) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.7457° N, 30.5544° E |
| Vezir Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0095° N, 28.9720° E |
| Yenice Hanı (Kütahya) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 39.2760° N, 30.0860° E |
| Yunuslar Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 37.9037° N, 31.9244° E |
| Zazadin Hanı | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0039° N, 32.6776° E |
| Zincirli Han (Karatay) | Caravanserai | Turkey | 38.0061° N, 32.8193° E |
| Zindan Han | Caravanserai | Turkey | 41.0186° N, 28.9692° E |
| Zoghalha Caravanserai (Hamadan) | Caravanserai | Iran | 34.8004° N, 48.5246° E |
Sources: Wikidata (caravanserais, CC0) and the OWTRAD project (halting places). All caravanserais and halting places
Sovereign states that safeguarded, taxed, or maintained garrisons along this route:
