Shatt al Arab
Shatt al Arab is a mapped river in the YearMaps hydrographic index. River courses organise settlement, agriculture and frontier-making more durably than any political boundary, and this reach is indexed against the dams, lakes and cities within its catchment.
- Feature Class
- River
- Coordinates
- 30.48°, 47.90°
About Shatt al Arab
The Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: شط العرب, lit. 'River of the Arabs') is a river about 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the Iran–Iraq border down to its mouth, where it discharges into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab varies in width from about 232 metres (761 ft) at Basra to 800 metres (2,600 ft) at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geological time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. Kuwait's Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.
The Karun, a tributary which joins the waterway from the Iranian side, deposits large amounts of silt into the river; this necessitates continuous dredging to keep it navigable.
The area used to hold the largest date palm forest in the world. In the mid-1970s, the region included 17–18 million date palms: an estimated one-fifth of the world's 90 million palm trees.
Encyclopedic summary adapted from Wikipedia: Shatt al-Arab (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Shatt al Arab in Depth
History
The Shatt al-Arab originally extended to the Ur Schatt river system that fed the Pleistocene/Holocene Arabian Gulf Oasis, a system of linked lakes and flood plains that stretched to the Strait of Hormuz and emptied into the Gulf of Oman. This system flooded in the period 12,000 - 7,000 BCE to form the present-day Persian Gulf.
Dispute over the river occurred during the Ottoman-Safavid era, prior to the establishment of an independent Iraq in the 20th century. In the early 16th century, the Iranian Safavids gained most of what is present-day Iraq, including Shatt al-Arab. They later lost these territories to the expanding Ottomans following the Peace of Amasya (1555).
In the early 17th century, the Safavids under king (shah) Abbas I (r. 1588–1629) once again regained Shatt al-Arab.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Shatt al-Arab (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Shatt al Arab: Key Facts
| Length | 200 km |
|---|---|
| Average discharge | 1,500 m³/s |
| Drainage basin | 884,000 km² |
| Source | Tigris |
| Mouth | Persian Gulf |
| Drainage system | Persian Gulf Basin |
| Tributaries | Euphrates, Tigris, Karun River |
Facts from Wikidata Q166966 (CC0).
Major River Dossiers
Hand-written studies of the great river systems of history.
Connected Reaches
Nearby watercourses in the same drainage network.
Water Bodies in the Catchment
Settlements Along the Reach
Hydraulic Infrastructure Nearby
Surrounding Terrain
Shatt al Arab: Quick Answers
- Where is Shatt al Arab?
- Shatt al Arab is located in Iraq and Iran, at 30.4784° N, 47.8975° E.
- Are there dams on the Shatt al Arab?
- No dam on the Shatt al Arab is recorded in the YearMaps dam index, which covers major structures only.