Qarlugs: Map & History
The Mongol Empire conducted several campaigns in Central Asia after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian Plateau in 1206.
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Historiographical synthesis & structured realm registry
The Mongol Empire conducted several campaigns in Central Asia after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian Plateau in 1206. Smaller military operations included the destruction of surviving Merkit and Naimans and the conquest of Qara Khitai. These were followed by a major campaign against Khwarazm. Expansion into Central Asia began in 1209 as Genghis Khan sent an expedition to pursue rivals who had fled to the region and threatened his new empire. The Uyghur kingdom Qocho and leaders of the Karluks submitted voluntarily to the Mongol Empire and married into the imperial family. By 1218 the Mongols controlled all of Xinjiang and by 1221 all the territories of the former Khwarazmian Empire. In 1236, the Mongols defeated the eastern portions of Cumania and swept into Eastern Europe.
Modern Countries Once Part of Qarlugs
At its mapped extent, Qarlugs covered territory in 2 present-day countries. The period shown is when the mapped borders include that country, and the note says how much of it.
States and Provinces
Largest Present-Day Cities in Its Territory
Each opens on the live map inside Qarlugs's borders of that time.
Derived by testing mapped cities against this polity's dated territorial polygons, so the list is indicative and follows the borders in the source dataset.
Qarlugs Timeline
Key historical inflections from foundation to peak territorial expansion
Expansion to peak recorded area of 407,815 km² in 844 CE.
Qarlugs: Frequently Asked Questions
When did Qarlugs exist?
Qarlugs is dated to 793 CE – 849 CE, in the Early Middle Ages era.
How large was Qarlugs at its peak?
At its peak in 844 AD Qarlugs covered about 407,815 km².
Other Sovereign Realms
Early Middle Ages • Capital: Constantinople
High & Late Middle Ages • Capital: Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Early Middle Ages • Capital: Chang'an
High & Late Middle Ages • Capital: Bianjing